Knoema.com - China http://ar.knoema.com 2024-03-19T10:56:48Z /favicon.png يمثل موقع Knoema مسار معرفتك الشخصية The World's Largest Economy: China vs United States //ar.knoema.com/fsvntfc/the-world-s-largest-economy-china-vs-united-states 2024-03-19T10:56:48Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
The World's Largest Economy: China vs United States

Which is the world's largest economy, China or the United States? As is usual in the field of economics, “It depends.” It depends on the methods used to estimate the size of an economy and to compare one economy to another. Despite modern discussions on refining the calculation of gross domestic product (GDP), the standard measure of an economy’s size and performance, to be more inclusive of economic factors that have been ignored to date, such as environmental and natural resource depletion, there is no commonly accepted alternative to GDP. There are, however, at least two commonly used approaches to cross-country comparisons of GDP. Method 1 - Current exchange rates. The GDP of two economies measured in each country’s national currency can be compared by converting the value of each GDP into a common third currency, such as US dollars, based on the current exchange rate. While the more popular approach, it is flawed. Official exchange rates differ from the real value of national currencies because currencies are not only exchanged to buy and sell goods and services in trade but are also used as investment instruments. As investment tools, currency valuations thus fall prey to speculation and irrational expectations of investors versus pure market fundamentals that are the basis for official rates. Example. Based on the current ¥/$ exchange rate, if a bottle of Coca-Cola costs $1 in the United States it would cost ¥6.63 in China. Only, it wouldn't actually cost that much because the real value of the yuan relative to the dollar differs from the official exchange rate. Method 2 - Purchasing power parity. Alternatively, the values of the national currencies of two economies can be converted to a single international currency — known as international dollars — using purchasing power parities (PPPs). PPPs are essentially the currency conversion rates that eliminate differences in price levels between countries and equalize the purchasing power of different countries. It is calculated as the ratio of the price of the same good in different countries in local currencies.  Example. If a bottle of Coca-Cola costs ¥3.5 in China and $1 in the United States then the PPP for Coca-Cola between these countries is ¥3.5/$1 = 3.5. If you calculate the PPP for every good and service produced and average the values, you can calculate the PPP for the GDPs between two countries. Let’s return then to the question of whether the US or China has a larger economy. According to the IMF, in 2019, the PPP between China and the US was ¥3.5 per international dollar. As such, China’s GDP of ¥95.5 trillion would be worth $27.3 trillion in the United States (¥74.6/3.5). That’s $5.9 trillion, or nearly 28 percent, more than the US GDP of $21.4 trillion in 2019. So, to answer the original question, China is the world's largest economy, followed by the United States ... if you compare GDPs based on PPP.

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Where All the Foreign Direct Investment Flow //ar.knoema.com/mfqybag/where-all-the-foreign-direct-investment-flow 2023-06-12T10:38:31Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Where All the Foreign Direct Investment Flow

(January 2023) In 2021 the US has become the world’s top destination for foreign direct investment (FDI) with $5 trillion of accumulated inward FDI, while China has moved up to the third position. According to the IMF's Coordinated Direct Investment Survey the US inward FDI position increased by record high of $506 billion in 2021. China's inward FDI position for the same year increased by $364 billion and amounted to $3.6 trillion.Smaller economies that represent financial offshore centers take prominent positions among the global top 10. The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Hong Kong SAR, Singapore, Ireland, and Switzerland are listed among top 10 FDI destinations even though none of these economies rank among the top 10 when it comes to gross domestic product.To obtain tax or regulatory benefits many multinational companies set up special purpose entities in offshore financial centers, which boosts FDI statistics but has very limited impact on hosting economy.The latest data from the MF's Coordinated Direct Investment Survey shows that the share of offshore financial centers in accumulation of inward FDI has gradually declined since 2017 which IMF economists explain by several policy initiatives. The US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act as well as OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting initiative could reduce incentives to keep profits in low-tax jurisdictions and led to a substantial US repatriation of funds from foreign subsidiaries.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China's Role in Global Climate Change Mitigation //ar.knoema.com/jxdvhxc/china-s-role-in-global-climate-change-mitigation 2023-02-06T15:11:55Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China's Role in Global Climate Change Mitigation

(February 2023) As the world’s largest emitter, China’s carbon emissions account for 28% of the global total, surpassing those of the US and Europe combined since 2012. The fastest increase in carbon emissions were observed from 2000 to 2013. China therefore has a key role in global climate change mitigation.Data from EDGAR shows that 80% of China’s carbon emissions are from electric power generation and industrial sources, since its rapid industrialization, urbanization and globalization are powered by a coal-dominated energy system.China has adopted a low-carbon strategy for its economic development. With large-scale deployment of renewable power generation, particularly hydro, wind, and solar, the share of fossil fuel has reached an all-time low and coal consumption has plateaued. China plans to become carbon neutral by 2060. According to the research conducted by scientists from the Tsinghua University, China has already met several national environmental targets: as of 2020, carbon intensity was reduced by 18.8% relative to the 2015 level, the share of non-fossil consumption as part of the total primary energy consumption was increased to 15.9%, and forest stock volume was increased to over 17.5 billion m3, exceeding the targets of 18%, 15% and 16.5 billion m3, respectively. 

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
The Expansion of Chinese Influence in Africa //ar.knoema.com/oimhfrf/the-expansion-of-chinese-influence-in-africa 2023-02-01T19:14:20Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
The Expansion of Chinese Influence in Africa

(February 2023) Over the last two decades China has become the largest trade partner for African countries displacing France and US as Africa's major trade partners.According to the UN Comtrade data between 2000 and 2021 Africa's imports from China increased from $5 to $148 billions. In 2007 China replaced France as the largest origin of Africa's imports. Share of China in Africa imports increased from 4% in 2000 to 23% in 2021.Africa's exports to China increased from $5 to $106 billions. between 2000 and 2021. In 2011 China replaced US as the largest destination of Africa's exports. Share of China in Africa exports increased from 3% in 2000 to 18% in 2021. Though China announced plans to strengthen the relationships with Africa, African Development Bank warns about three major risks of high Africa dependence on China. These risks include geopolitical risks, risk of a Chinese economic slowdown, and risks of unfair competition between Chinese and with local African entities.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China Dominates the Rare Earths Market //ar.knoema.com/bnjzfxd/china-dominates-the-rare-earths-market 2023-01-18T10:29:48Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China Dominates the Rare Earths Market

(January 2023) The modern global economy is highly dependent on the rare earth metals and minerals. Rare earth elements play a critical role in developing new industries such as wind power generation, fuel cells, hydrogen storage and rechargeable batteries, as well as the permanent magnets used in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles. Of the 17 rare earth elements, neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, and terbium are especially in demand, given their use in permanent magnets for electric vehicles and wind turbines.According to the U.S. Geological Survey China has 44 million metric totes reserves of rare earths, which accounts for 35% of the world’s rare earth reserves. Vietnam, Brazil and Russia have 21-22 million ton of rare earth reserves.Production of rare earth oxides has remained concentrated. British Geological Survey data shows that China now accounts for 68% of global rare earth oxides production, followed by Myanmar (14%), United States (9%) and Australia (6%). 85% of rare earth processing capacity are located in China, which manufactures over 90% of high-strength rare earth permanent magnets.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
India Overtakes China as the Most Populous Country in 2023 //ar.knoema.com/bhrmjyf/india-overtakes-china-as-the-most-populous-country-in-2023 2023-01-11T10:49:17Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
India Overtakes China as the Most Populous Country in 2023

(January 2022) According to the 2022 UN World Population Prospects India is expected to overtake China as the most populous country in 2023.The birth rate in China was reduced by strict family-planning rules—the so-called one-child policy introduced in 1980. The easing of birth control since 2013 have not changed the downward demographic trend. Today the population of China is declining. Number of working age population (15-64-year olds) is not growing since 2015 and will start to decline after 2027. By 2050 China’s population will be 8% smaller than it is now.The expected decline in working age population threatens to end China’s role as the world’s factory. With the declining working age population the cost of labor force will start to increase making labor intensive manufacturing industries unprofitable. Simultaneously the increase in old age population will put additional burden on government finance in china to support non-working age population.Population of India continues to grow. According to the UN estimates It is expected to peak at 1.7 billion in 2064, when it will be nearly 50% larger than that of China. India working-age population will increase by 136 million people between now and 2050.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China’s Swine Fever Crisis Aftermath //ar.knoema.com/cikcagb/china-s-swine-fever-crisis-aftermath 2023-01-08T13:48:10Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China’s Swine Fever Crisis Aftermath

(08 July 2021) China’s outbreak of African swine fever back in 2018-2019 hurt domestic pig meat production and provided opportunities for meat* producers around the world to increase exports of pork and other meat to supplement China's diminished domestic supply. The US, the EU, and Brazil have benefited the most from the growing Chinese imports of meat, but some smaller meat exporters that had not traded meat to China before, like Russia and Belarus, also increased their meat exports.The swine fever outbreak wiped out 28% of China's hog population; pork production in China declined by 15 million tons in 2018-2020, which is equivalent of 17% of the country's domestic meat consumption. From 2018 to 2020, producer prices for pig meat in China increased by 52%.China's meat imports have increased by 2.8 times, from 3 million tons in 2018 to 8.3 million tons in 2020, according to UN Comtrade. The EU, Brazil, and the US increased shipments to China by more than one million tons each during 2018-2020, supplying over 70% of the new demand from China.Increased meat imports and domestic supply of other meat categories have not fully compensated for the decrease in China's domestic pig meat production. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development expects that the the country's meat consumption and production levels will not recover before 2024. Note: Meat includes beef, pork, poultry and sheep meat.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China: Is Pork a Barrier to Economic Stimulus? //ar.knoema.com/lzsappb/china-is-pork-a-barrier-to-economic-stimulus 2022-12-29T05:48:01Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China: Is Pork a Barrier to Economic Stimulus?

(September 2019)  Pork prices in China have increased 82 percent over the last year, presenting an unconventional potential threat to the monetary easing policy Beijing announced earlier this month.​ According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, the growth rate of pork prices is accelerating: before this month's wild increase, the average price of pork jumped 19.3 percent year-on-year in July and 47.6 percent in August as the African swine flu ​outbreak ​further diminished pig stocks to only 39 percent of the​ inventory one year ago.Prices for other meats​,​ such as beef and lamb​,​ have also​ increas​​​​​ed this year—though to ​lesser extent than pork—contributing to ​an increase in the ​overall consumer price index for meat ​by ​11 percent year-over-year in August, according to China’s National Bureau of Statistics. Growing meat prices, together with fresh fruits and vegetables, ​also ​contributed to​ inflation of the​ ​broader food price ​index​, which recorded a six percent year-over-year​ increase​. Pig meat is one of the most important foods in ​the​ daily diet of people living in China​,​ accounting for ​12 percent (about ​368 kilocalories​) of ​each person's ​daily energy intake​,​ according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. T​o meet this consumption demand, China produces around 54 million tonnes of pork annually​, which is five times more than the US, the second largest producer of pork globally. ​While ​Chinese domestic supply of pork relies primarily on domestic production, ​​the swine flu will force China to turn to other suppliers, such as Spain, Germany, Canada, and (potentially, despite the trade war) the United States.   Rising pork prices ​have had a negligible effect on overall consumer price inflation to date​, which remained stable at 2.8 percent in August.​ The threat to China's economy comes from the unabated and accelerated growth rate in pork prices in tandem with the central bank's implementation of new policy measures effective September 16 to support monetary easing. The People's Bank of China cut the reserve requirement ratio by 50 basis points to support the slowing Chinese economy. Lower reserve requirements will enable increased lending to businesses and households, reducing borrowing costs, and (if all goes to plan) stimulating more investment. But on the flip side of more investment is ... rising inflation, which given current pressures, may accelerate beyond the Bank's targets.  

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
The Competition That Shapes the Future //ar.knoema.com/rxnqoig/the-competition-that-shapes-the-future 2022-12-26T19:16:58Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
The Competition That Shapes the Future

(December 2022) One of the most significant developments in the world economy in recent decades is the rise of China as an economic superpower. From the size of economy to global trade to production of high-tech innovative products and services to complexity and diversity of supply chains, China has either come close or already ahead of the US. The competition of two superpowers - US and China - will shape the future of the global economy. In this dashboard Knoema put together seven key indicators that help to compare economic, innovative and military aspects of US-China competition.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China Becoming Leading Vehicle Exporter //ar.knoema.com/dzzrcub/china-becoming-leading-vehicle-exporter 2022-12-20T17:40:27Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China Becoming Leading Vehicle Exporter

(October 2022) The automobile industry has always been regarded as one of the hallmarks of a country's manufacturing prowess and China is fast becoming one of the world’s major vehicle exporting countries. According to UN Comtrade in 2021 China's exports of passenger vehicles* increased by 76% YOY and amounted to 3.0 units, making China the third-largest vehicle exporting nation behind only Japan with 4.4 million units and Germany with 3.5 million units. It overtook South Korea and US which exported just 2.5 and 2.4 million vehicles in 2021 respectively. According to data from UN Comtrade China’s main export destinations are not only emerging markets where cost often took precedence over quality, but also such developed countries as US, Belgium, UK, Austria and Germany. The most recent data from the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China shows that China overtook Germany as the world's second-largest vehicle exporter in August, and is now second only to Japan. 1.7 million passenger vehicles were shipped out of China in the first nine months of 2022 including 672 thousand electric vehicles. *HS 8703 - Motor cars and other motor vehicles; principally designed for the transport of persons 

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
The Global Innovation Race //ar.knoema.com/yprcqvc/the-global-innovation-race 2022-12-16T10:05:48Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
The Global Innovation Race

(December 2022) From job creation and public health to national security and industrial competitiveness, innovations plays a vital role in a country’s socio-economic development and International competitiveness, impacting nearly every corner of society—either directly or indirectly.According to the Global Innovation Index Project, China has performed the most progress in innovation ecosystem development among over 200 countries over the last decade.China, Iran, South Korea, Turkey and France were the only five countries that demonstrated the outpacing growth in domestic innovation capabilities relative to the US.China's progress in building up its innovation system is based on outpacing growth in expenditure on research and development.  In 2018 China increased R&D expenditure over twenty five times compared to 1996, almost eliminating R&D expenditure gap with the US. The overall Global Innovation Index ranking is based on 81 indicators grouped into two sub-indices that are both equally important in presenting a complete picture of innovation; the Innovation Input Sub-Index and the Innovation Output Sub-Index. Hence, three indices are calculated:Innovation Input Sub-Index: Five input pillars capture elements of the economy that enable and facilitate innovative activities.Innovation Output Sub-Index: Innovation outputs are the result of innovative activities within the economy. Although the Output Sub-Index includes only two pillars, it carries the same weight as the Input Sub-Index in calculating the overall GII scores.The overall GII score is the average of the Input and Output Sub-Indices, on which the GII economy rankings are produced.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Countries That Are Most Influenced By China //ar.knoema.com/xequabe/countries-that-are-most-influenced-by-china 2022-12-13T12:55:19Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Countries That Are Most Influenced By China

(December 2022) To measure China's evolving overseas influence researches from DoubleThink Labs constructed The China Index that captures China's influence across nine domains: academia, domestic politics, economy, foreign policy, law enforcement, media, military, society, and technology.The 2022 China Index ranks Pakistan atop a list of 82 other countries around the world, saying that its links to and dependency on Beijing in terms of foreign and domestic policy, technology, and the economy make it particularly susceptible to Chinese influence.Behind Pakistan, Southeast Asia features prominently in the rankings, with Cambodia and Singapore listed in second and third, followed by Thailand. The Philippines is seventh and Malaysia is 10th. South Africa is the first African country at No. 5, where it is tied with Peru, the highest-ranked South American country.Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, which border China's western Xinjiang Province, are the Central Asian countries most influenced by Beijing, coming in at eighth and ninth place on the index.Meanwhile, Germany is the highest-ranked European country at 19th and the United States leads North America in 21st position.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China Protest Tracker //ar.knoema.com/biescye/china-protest-tracker 2022-11-28T10:00:49Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China Protest Tracker

(November 2022) Despite increasingly repressive rule under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), dissent in China occurs regularly and is geographically widespread, according to new analysis released today by Freedom House. The China Dissent Monitor recorded over 800 instances of dissent in China from June to November 2022, as people spoke out against stalled housing projects, labor rights violations, fraud, COVID-19 policies, and state violence, among other grievances. The greatest number of recorded events, 85, took place in Hebei Province, north of Beijing, and in Henan, in central China; 61 were in Guangdong, in the south; and 58 were in Shaanxi, a relatively rural province in central China.Incidents were most prevalent around grievances related to stalled housing projects (211), pay and benefits (141), COVID-19 polices (75), fraud (73), school district disputes (34) and building quality (32).

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
US-China AI Competition | Who is Winning? //ar.knoema.com/sxovfdc/us-china-ai-competition-who-is-winning 2022-11-22T13:56:11Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
US-China AI Competition | Who is Winning?

(November 2022) According to the latest Artificial Intelligence (AI) Index Report by Stanford University, in 2021 China continued to lead the world in the number of AI journal, conference, and repository publications—63.2% higher than the United States with all three publication types combined. Another fact from the UN: due to rapid economic expansion and information and communications technology (ICT) investment growth in recent decades, China's ICT sector today is almost as big as the ICT sector in the US. The question that is raised by these trends is — where is China in the AI race with the US?Why AI? AI, as the core component of the modern economy based on digital platforms, is becoming the key factor of global competitiveness. The more efficient the AI component, the more added value a digital platform can generate.Besides AI journal publications and citations, the US still outpaces China in AI-funding-related indicators. For example, in 2021 the annual private US AI investment exceeded private AI investment in China by 207%.In a broader context, the R&D (research and development) investment in the digital sector by US companies exceeds China's R&D investment in the digital sector by 237%. And today there are only two Chinese companies, compared with seven US companies, among the companies worldwide that invest more than $6 billion in the digital sector each year. Given its faster long-term economic growth, China has the potential to gradually change the balance of global AI power. However, it is highly unlikely that China or any other country will equal the US in AI potential in the near future.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China and US Are The Main Contributors to Global Debt Growth //ar.knoema.com/ikhlwlf/china-and-us-are-the-main-contributors-to-global-debt-growth 2022-11-07T12:43:17Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China and US Are The Main Contributors to Global Debt Growth

(November 2022) According to data from the Bank for International Settlements since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic non-financial sector debt of 40 largest economies increased by $36 trillion - from $194 trillion in Q4 2019 to $230 trillion in Q1 2022. The largest contributors to global non-financial sector debt increase were China and US. Since the end of 2019 non-financial sector debt in China and US increased by $16 and $10 trillion respectively, making up over 70% of global non-financial sector debt increase. 

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
COVID Vs. Trade Wars: China Leads the Export Race //ar.knoema.com/tcdvhpd/covid-vs-trade-wars-china-leads-the-export-race 2022-11-02T14:26:14Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
COVID Vs. Trade Wars: China Leads the Export Race

(October 2022) The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 had, without doubt, triggered essential risks and uncertainties on global trade, which by that time had already been subdued by US- China trade war. China began to promote the resumption of work and production orderly after the pandemic was effectively contained in late February 2020. In May 2020, the resumption of work and production in China progressed in an orderly manner. In sharp contrast, COVID-19 broke out in countries in the Americas and Europe without being timely controlled. Cross-border air transportation and the global supply chains were then severely impacted or even interrupted.Data on global trade shows that China has become the major beneficiary of COVID related disruptions. Though the pandemic caused severe declines in China's trade with its major trade partners, but China's trade recovered rapidly and relatively strongly after the second half of 2020. As result, the share of China's exports in world exports increased to 14.9% in 2020 and record 15.3% in 2021. At the same time the share of developed countries in world exports continued to decline.The mechanical & electrical and the high-tech industries have contributed significantly to the recovery of China's exports. Exports of medical products, furniture and appliances show growth in line with the implementation of quarantine policies. Exports of electronic products and electrical vehicles kept growing both before the outbreak and during the pandemic. Compared with the world's leading trade nations, the COVID-19 has had overall devastating but not persistent impacts on China's trade. China has spent incalculably large costs to control and prevent the epidemic in 2020, but this has also allowed China to achieve a stable and strong recovery more quickly than other nations, and the evidence in trade figures supports China's strategy.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China’s CO2 Emissions Fell by a Record 8% in Q2 202 //ar.knoema.com/znzxshe/china-s-co2-emissions-fell-by-a-record-8-in-q2-202 2022-09-02T10:50:24Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China’s CO2 Emissions Fell by a Record 8% in Q2 202

Data from Carbon Brief shows China’s emissions have now fallen year-on-year for four consecutive quarters. According to Carbon Brief China’s CO2 emissions fell 8% in April to June, compared with the year before. In absolute terms, this is the largest quarterly reduction in at least a decade, amounting to some 230MtCO2, as shown in the chart below. The latest quarterly decline was driven by China’s ongoing real-estate slump, strict Covid control measures, weak growth in electricity demand and strong growth in renewable output.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Economic Impact of China's "Zero-COVID" Policy //ar.knoema.com/ztdyzlc/economic-impact-of-china-s-zero-covid-policy 2022-06-23T13:19:35Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Economic Impact of China's "Zero-COVID" Policy

New anti-pandemic restrictions imposed by Chinese government in response to the recent COVID outbreak has brought business activity to a halt in Shanghai, China’s largest city, as well as swaths of Beijing and dozens of smaller municipalities, mostly in the east of the country.Given the relatively weak data for the first quarter of 2022, China’s economic growth target of 5.5% for this year, which is the lowest target in three decades, looks increasingly ambitious. Trying to halt the decline, Chinese government announced 33 new policy initiatives including reverting to traditional stimulus measures such as spending on large-scale infrastructure projects, offering tax breaks and easing restrictions on banks to increase lending.China’s recent university graduates are struggling to find work. Faltering growth has accelerated youth unemployment, which in urban areas has jumped from 14 per cent late last year to 18 per cent in April and May 2022."Zero-COVID" policy has a significant negative impact on China’s property market, which usually accounts for almost a third of the economy. China’s home sales are falling at a faster pace than early 2020.Lockdown in Shanghai, the world largest sea port, has disrupted container shipments and led to deceleration of China's forming trade flows.Chinese stock market tumbled in late April on fears COVID restrictions in China could hit supply chains and the global economy. Chinese Yuan has depreciated by 6%.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Russia's Fossil Fuel Exports to China Increased Over 80% Y/Y //ar.knoema.com/vrlqkcd/russia-s-fossil-fuel-exports-to-china-increased-over-80-y-y 2022-06-14T16:44:07Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Russia's Fossil Fuel Exports to China Increased Over 80% Y/Y

While Europe and the U.S. try to limit imports of Russian oil and gas, Russia sells more fossil fuels to China. According to General Administration of Customs of China, in April 2022 China's imports of fossil fuels from Russia amounted to $6.7 bln. and increased 82% year-over-year. In Feb.-Apr. 2022 share of Russian fossil fuels in China's total fossil fuel imports increased to 20.8% compared to 18.6% in Feb.-Apr. 2022. Recent data on China-Russia bilateral trade shows that sanctions imposed on Russia by the U.S. and its allies have a significant negative impact on Russian imports rather than exports, which improves Russia's trade balance and contributes to appreciation of Russian ruble. In the first four moths of 2022 Russia's positive balance in trade with China increase almost 3 times year-over-year and amounted to $10.3 bln.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Lockdowns in Shanghai and Global Markets //ar.knoema.com/qgcuqgf/lockdowns-in-shanghai-and-global-markets 2022-04-29T12:18:05Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Lockdowns in Shanghai and Global Markets

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China's Thermal Power Demand Hit Record //ar.knoema.com/hvtcly/china-s-thermal-power-demand-hit-record 2022-02-15T08:17:05Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China's Thermal Power Demand Hit Record

(04 October 2021) China's economy has quickly recovered from the coronavirus crisis and is expected to grow between 7% and 8% in 2021 due to recovery of global trade, expansionary monetary policy, and increase in government spending. However, the rapid growth of the economy not only creates income and jobs, but can also lead to a shortage of resources.Strong economic growth in China translated into high demand for electricity, 57% of which is generated by coal power plants. In January-August 2021, China's total electricity output and thermal power* generation increased by a record 617 and 465 terawatt-hours, respectively, compared to the same period last year.As 70% of electricity in China is generated by thermal power plants, the only way to meet the high electricity demand in the short term is to burn more coal and natural gas.Beijing's informal ban on coal imports from Australia (the largest exporter of coal to China) and disruptions in domestic coal production caused by safety checks, coming at a time of record demand for electricity, contributed to a coal price rally at Chinese and international markets. While households and industry are ordered to decrease electricity consumption to soften the impact of the coal shortage, China is ready to import coal at any price to ensure heating and power generation this winter. *Thermal power plants generate electricity by a steam boiler fuelled by coal, natural gas, heating oil, as well as by biomass. Thermal power accounts for 70% of electricity generated in China. 80% of thermal power plants are fuelled by coal.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China: Russia Becomes Top Fossil Fuels Supplier //ar.knoema.com/rcuooq/china-russia-becomes-top-fossil-fuels-supplier 2022-01-10T09:14:05Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China: Russia Becomes Top Fossil Fuels Supplier

(30 September 2020) With global economic activity constrained by COVID-19, energy demand globally has likewise headed south, sending suppliers of fossil fuels hunting for new buyers and reinforcing contracts and infrastructure ties with existing. The Chinese market is particularly attractive, and Russia has recently achieved competitive gains in this valuable market. China not only represents the largest market today for fossil fuels but its economy has already begun to recover ahead of global economic peers, reigniting energy consumption. Along with India, China is also expected to be among the only major economies driving global demand in the long-term.During March to August 2020, China's fossil fuels imports from Russia accounted for 18 percent of China's total fossil fuels imports by value, a statistic unchanged from 2019. In contrast, Saudi Arabia's share in China's imports of fossil fuels decreased to 14 percent for the March to August 2020 period from 18 percent in 2019.Russia's gains were enabled by long-term investments in expanding its export infrastructure. In late 2019, Russia launched the natural gas pipeline known as "Power of Siberia", or the China–Russia East-Route Natural Gas pipeline. China contractually obligated to purchase 5 bcm of Russian natural gas in 2020 and scale up to 38 bcm in the next five years. Simultaneously, Russia's Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean crude oil pipeline reached maximum operating capacity, delivering 130 million tones of crude oil to Russia's port at Kozmino on the coast of the Sea of Japan, which is then transported by sea mostly to China and South Korea.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
US vs. China: Measuring Real Economic Power //ar.knoema.com/prxhexg/us-vs-china-measuring-real-economic-power 2021-12-06T11:35:46Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
US vs. China: Measuring Real Economic Power

(23 November 2021) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a basicmeasure of the overall size of a country's economy and is often used to compare different countries' economic power. But what exactly is compared when someone says that the GDP of country A is larger than the GDP of country B? The System of National Accounts (SNA) of the United Nations defines GDP as a monetary value of final goods and services — that is, what end users actually purchase — produced in a country, along with some non-market "production" such as defense or education services provided by governments, during a specific period of time (say a quarter or a year). As the UN definition of GDP implies, the whole economy can be divided into two major sectors: the so-called real sector, which includes production of goods and real assets, and the services sector, which includes production of services, everything from banking to education to healthcare. This dashboard uses U.N. data to analyze the economic powers of countries measured solely by the ability of the economy to produce goods and real assets like infrastructure, dwellings and nonresidential buildings, and machinery and equipment. We estimate GDP produced in the real sector of an economy as a sum of value added in four broad economic activity groups: Agriculture, Industry, Construction, and Transportation and Communications. Why the focus on the real sector? The strength of the real sector reflects two of the basic characteristics of an economy that determine its ability to successfully compete in a world of rising tensions between major powers: self-sufficiency and military power. The third basic economic factor affecting a country's competitiveness — the availability of resources — is not considered here.Using real sector GDP in cross-country comparison of economic power significantly changes the view of the global economic landscape. The U.S. economy, which is the world's largest economy when measured by total GDP at current US dollars, is more than $500 billion smaller than China's when measured by real sector GDP.In 2019*, the ten largest economies in terms of real sector GDP included Russia, Korea and Indonesia. In the ranking by total GDP, these countries are lower down the list, and Italy, Brazil, and Canada round out the top ten. Note: 2019 is currently the latest available year in the U.N. National Accounts Main Aggregates Database

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
US-China Competition: GDP Can Be Misleading //ar.knoema.com/ksstsae/us-china-competition-gdp-can-be-misleading 2021-10-05T08:17:10Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
US-China Competition: GDP Can Be Misleading

(23 September 2021) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has for years been the key economic indicator used for cross-country comparisons. The value of GDP shows how large a country's economy is, and per capita GDP is used to compare countries' productivity and technological development. However, emphasis on these directly measurable indicators often obscures qualitative characteristics of development that can significantly affect the estimates of a country's economic potential.With China becoming an economic superpower, comparison of US and Chinese economic strength has become a regular exercise for experts and research institutions. Such exercises often prioritize cross-country GDP comparison, which shows that China's economy today is 33% smaller compared to the U.S. economy, and shows an even wider gap in productivity/technological development. The most optimistic (for China) calculations indicate that China's GDP per capita is 75% smaller than that of the U.S. However, there are other metrics showing China's capability to challenge the position of the U.S. in the global economy. For example, data from the World Bank shows that China produces two times more industrial goods than the U.S. In addition, trade statistics show that China has closer trade ties with the rest of the world than the United States.But quantity is not the only factor. The gap in economic power between the U.S. and China looks much closer than GDP and productivity data shows when technological and innovation potential is accounted for through indirect measures. For example, the Economic Complexity Index constructed by Harvard’s Growth Lab suggests that China has almost caught up with the United States in the ability to sustain a diverse range of productive know-how, including sophisticated, unique capabilities, and to produce complex products that few other countries can make.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China: Unprecedented Contraction of Real Sector and Consumer Demand //ar.knoema.com/rlduovb/china-unprecedented-contraction-of-real-sector-and-consumer-demand 2021-06-18T09:51:35Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China: Unprecedented Contraction of Real Sector and Consumer Demand

On Monday, March 16, 2020, China's National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) released official estimates of national economy performance in the first two months of 2020.According to NBS, in January-February 2020 China's industrial production contracted 13.5% year-over-year, services production declined 13%, investment in fixed assets dropped 24.5% and retails sales of consumer goods were down 20.5%.Amid what is considered a general recession, some industries, such as production of pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, and high-tech manufacturing, still "manifested sound growing momentum".The sharp decline in consumer and investment demand along with the decline in exports outpacing the decline in imports makes it hard to achieve the consensus 4% GDP growth in Q1 2020.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Knoema's Global Geolocated Dataset Collection //ar.knoema.com/vnqmqhc/knoema-s-global-geolocated-dataset-collection 2021-06-15T10:14:15Z Ellen Goodwin ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1593850
Knoema's Global Geolocated Dataset Collection

Geolocated data is valuable for the insights it can provide through experimental layering of everything from seemingly disparate datasets that could reveal new drivers in economic growth and social change to traditionally-linked datasets that provide reliable, comparative trends on topics such as the relationships between languages spoken and religions practiced by sub-national groups. Knoema data specialists will use this dashboard to raise awareness of the diversity of geolocated data available in Knoema. We encourage you to upload your own and contact us with additional suggested sources for geolocated data relevant to your work or social interests.

Ellen Goodwin ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1593850
World Steel Production and Prices //ar.knoema.com/cyyrxug/world-steel-production-and-prices 2021-06-04T08:30:43Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
World Steel Production and Prices

During the last 10 years, a small group of emerging economies in Asia have supported the growth in total global steel production. While India and South Korea have contributed, production from China overwhelmingly leads globally. Accounting for half of global steel production, analysts worldwide monitor China's monthly production figures closely for signs of economic strength but also to gauge forward pricing expectations based on global demand and the production response of competing mills overseas.Between 2004 and 2014, China increased its annual steel production almost three times to about 823 million tons. At that volume, China's steel output was five times more than all of Europe, nearly seven times more than North America, and nine times more than the United States.In 2014, due to the cool-down in the construction boom in China, low domestic demand for steel halted China's output growth. As a result, prices for steel and iron ore fell significantly worldwide and continued to decline through 2015.  Turn the page to 2016 and the Chinese steel industry continues to dominate industry headlines. Total monthly production figures have repeatedly hit record levels, floating between roughly 69.5 and 70.5 million metric tons, but with a note of caution on the sustainability of this production volume. Production accelerated this year on the heels of a slight recovery of global iron ore prices. In December 2015, the price per metric ton measured at Tianjin Port, China, reached its lowest level since prices began their historic climb in early 2008.China's total production of 401.1 million tons during the first half of 2016 was about 0.6 percent less than the 403.7 million tons it produced during the same period last year. In 2016 and 2017 China maintained the status of the leader of steel-producing nations. Annual production for China was 870.8 million metric tons of crude steel in 2017, an increase of 7.7% compared to 2016.    In 2018 the number of Chinese steel production continued to increase and reached the record-breaking 928.3 million metric tons per year.

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
US-China Trade War Tariffs //ar.knoema.com/angeptb/us-china-trade-war-tariffs 2021-06-03T11:18:00Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
US-China Trade War Tariffs

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China: Electric Vehicle Trends a Double Victory for Metals Powerhouse //ar.knoema.com/wyrizwg/china-electric-vehicle-trends-a-double-victory-for-metals-powerhouse 2021-05-26T10:29:12Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China: Electric Vehicle Trends a Double Victory for Metals Powerhouse

(12 February 2020) Tesla by far and away leads in sales of electric vehicles globally and now not only has company CEO Elon Musk thrown down for a 40x increase in annual production but in doing so could escalate natural resource and geopolitical pressures. Electric vehicles (EVs) experienced record sales growth in the second half of 2020, and Musk is perfectly poised to use that momentum to scale towards his production goal of 20 million EVs per year by 2030. Aggressive production plans from Tesla and other EV manufacturers coupled with unprecedented growth of sales raises concerns, however, about the sufficiency of known metals reserves and current metals supplies.Estimates from MINING.COM show that if Tesla reaches its target annual production rate, Tesla alone will consume more than 30% of current global nickel production, almost 60% of global cobalt production, over 90% of global graphite production, and 165% of global lithium production. The obvious exceptions to this outcome include changes in metals production and/or required EV manufacturing inputs.Another critical unknown is the absolute reserve volume of key metals as opposed to known reserves and whether EV demand could outstrip reserves. Extrapolation of MINING.COM estimates to accommodate a fortyfold increase of global EV production from Tesla alone shows that the world would run out of nickel and cobalt. EV production requirements would require tripling known reserves of nickel and more than doubling known reserves of cobalt. Any EV outlook needs to also account for the geopolitics of business, particularly in light of the trade tensions between the US and China in recent years. China is not only the largest EV market but also the only country that appears in every top 10 list of countries with the largest reserves and production of metals currently required for EV manufacturing. This fact implies that China's natural resource base and production capacities make it the most sustainable EV manufacturer to met Musk's production aims.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China Announcing the End to the One-Child Policy //ar.knoema.com/mbvpyce/china-announcing-the-end-to-the-one-child-policy 2021-04-23T11:25:01Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China Announcing the End to the One-Child Policy

Now, after more than three decades, the Chinese government is ending its controversial one-child policy. Originally implemented in 1980 to curb its rapid population growth, China’s one-child policy has witnessed a fertility rate decline from 2.7 births per woman in 1981 to 1.6 births in 2015. Those who backed the one-child policy claimed it led to 300 million fewer births and lifted 200-400 million people out of poverty. Yet, the one-child policy has taken a toll, with more than 336 million abortions and 222 million sterilizations having since taken place. Gender imbalance in China, with 115.9 boys born to every 100 girls in 2014, has led to increases in sex-trafficking and prostitution. The Chinese population is aging drastically, with an estimate of one in every three Chinese being over 60 years of age by 2050 and a dwindling working class to support them. The country is also facing labor shortages and slowing economic growth. Despite the move by the government to lift the policy, experts warn that it will take decades before the demographic crisis is relieved. In the meantime, social and health care needs for the nation’s elderly continue to grow. Today’s viz shows the impact the policy has had on China’s population and economy in the past and for years to come.

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Trade Data Monitor | Exports to US, EU Drive China Export Comeback //ar.knoema.com/snvtwhg/trade-data-monitor-exports-to-us-eu-drive-china-export-comeback 2021-03-17T14:56:42Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Trade Data Monitor | Exports to US, EU Drive China Export Comeback

(16 March 2021) By John W. Miller, TDM Insights. The global economy appears ready for a strong rebound from the COVID-19 pandemic. Shipments from China, the world’s top exporter, increased a whopping 60.6% year-on-year to US$468.9 billion over the first two months of 2021, according to Trade Data Monitor, the world’s premier source of trade numbers.In the first two months of 2021, Chinese exports to the US totaled $80.5 billion, up 87.3% year-on-year, and those to the EU rose 62.6% to $73.7 billion. By comparison, exports to all of Latin America totaled $31.2 billion; to Japan, $25.2 billion; to all of Africa, $20.7 billion; and to India, $14.2 billion.Some of the products with the sharpest increases are ordinary consumer goods. Exports of toys, for example, increased 96.8% to $5 billion; lighting fittings and parts rose 122.1% to $7.8 billion, and home electrical appliances were up 93.7% to $14.6 billion. By comparison, exports of medical devices amounted to only $2.8 billion, up 75.3%.Exports of products needed to work from home have been increasing for the last 12 months. The big reason for the eye-popping increase to start the year is that now other goods are rebounding, too. Exports of motor vehicles and chassis, for example, increased 106.8% to $4.2 billion. Shipments of footwear, which had been in decline, rose 32.8% to $7.5 billion.For trading partners, the battle is still, as ever, to obtain markets within China. Thanks in part to new agreements which guaranteed purchases of soybeans and other products, China increased its imports from the US 66.4% to $29.3 billion. Those from the EU rose 32.5% to $45.9 billion. But both the US and EU will have a difficult time competing against China’s geographic neighbors: China imports from ASEAN countries were higher than either, totaling $53.1 billion, up 29.9%.Where the US and EU still have an edge is in shipping high-value high-tech and industrial goods, as well as some essential bulk commodities. Chinese imports of high-tech products increased 35.1% to $113.8 billion; of auto parts, 47.8% to $6.7 billion; and of soybeans, 14.6% to $6.3 billion. China’s strong bounce-back cements its path toward owning the world’s largest gross domestic product before 2030, and confirms the emergence of a 21st-century economy dominated by three large blocs: China, and its two top trading partners, the US and the European Union.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Evidence for Chinese Economic Recession //ar.knoema.com/bwjxurf/evidence-for-chinese-economic-recession 2021-03-10T16:33:12Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Evidence for Chinese Economic Recession

(Published: Feb. 23 2019)

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
COVID-19 Impact on US and China Consumer Behaviour | Prosper Insights & Analytics //ar.knoema.com/tvdlznd/covid-19-impact-on-us-and-china-consumer-behaviour-prosper-insights-analytics 2021-01-18T14:18:26Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
COVID-19 Impact on US and China Consumer Behaviour | Prosper Insights & Analytics

(Published - April 30, 2020) In China, people remain confident about current and future economic conditions, which may point to a fast rebound in consumer demand in the second quarter of 2020, according to Prosper Insights & Analytics.  In comparison, US consumers are more concerned about coronavirus and its impact on the economy. US consumers have responded by shopping less (72.1% of adults 18+), whereas Chinese consumers express a more diversified approach to spending during the pandemic and prefer to shop at less busy times.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Global Economic Trends: US Overtaken by China as a Global Trade Power //ar.knoema.com/hxkevje/global-economic-trends-us-overtaken-by-china-as-a-global-trade-power 2020-12-25T05:45:23Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Global Economic Trends: US Overtaken by China as a Global Trade Power

(14 December 2020) Back in 2018, with an eye toward protecting the domestic market from imports, improving the US trade balance, and creating jobs in manufacturing, US President Trump engaged in a so called 'trade war' with China, the country with the largest trade surplus with the United States, although it arguably originated with a much broader list of targets given that steel and aluminum were at the center of the new tariff rates. Nearly three years, one global health pandemic, and a lost election later, President Trump's economic pressure on China has not brought the US closer to the expected trade goals. To the contrary, the dominance of the US trade paradigm may have shifted in China's favor in a way that will realign global trade flows for years to come, especially in light of China's relatively rapid recovery from corona-crisis that stands to strengthen China's global trade position.In 2000, only 32 countries had a total trade in goods turnover with China in excess of their total trade with the United States. On the other end of the spectrum was the United States, which boasted larger bilateral trade turnovers than China with more than 160 countries.Fast forward to 20 years and China has totally changed global trade patterns. China's total bilateral trade turnover exceeds that of the United States in 130 countries, while the US surpasses China in only 58 countries.Among the world's largest economies only France, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Canada now trade more with the United States than with China, and the US advantage over China in India is at the level of statistical error. 

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Global Recession Is Coming. But Not In 2020. //ar.knoema.com/pekgnud/global-recession-is-coming-but-not-in-2020 2020-12-21T08:54:54Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Global Recession Is Coming. But Not In 2020.

While we are not in the business of making predictions or calls on the economy, we have some data in our repository that currently contradicts what many of the pundits in the media are saying about a global recession. You be the judge!   Below we outline in data five reasons why a global economic recession is not an absolute for 2020. We focus largely on China and the United States because recession in either of these two countries would very likely spur a global economic crisis. 

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Oil Consumer's Profile of China //ar.knoema.com/khiqcxc/oil-consumer-s-profile-of-china 2020-12-17T22:05:03Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Oil Consumer's Profile of China

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
US Dollar and Chinese Yuan Gain as US-China Trade Tensions Ease //ar.knoema.com/snoxqlb/us-dollar-and-chinese-yuan-gain-as-us-china-trade-tensions-ease 2020-12-10T03:21:19Z Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
US Dollar and Chinese Yuan Gain as US-China Trade Tensions Ease

(2 July 2019) The renewed engagement on trade between the China and the United States, the world’s largest economies, sparked positive reactions from the financial markets as most analysts were not expecting positive trade news. The US dollar, which had been depreciating based on rising expectations that the US Federal Reserve would cut interest rates, strengthened on the heals of the trade talks in which US President Donald Trump agreed to postpone new tariffs of 25% on Chinese imports valued at $300 billion and offered to ease restrictions on tech company Huawei. The appreciation in the US dollar came as investors started selling safe heaven currencies such as the Japanese Yen and Swiss franc. The US dollar appreciated 0.3% against the yen and 0.8% against the franc.The US manufacturing PMI also pushed the dollar up as the announced level (51.7) was higher than market expectations in June 2019.China’s offshore yuan, permitted to move within a range of +/- two percent from the daily midpoint set by the Central Bank, rose more than 0.4 percent to as high as 6.8165 yuan per dollar before easing back to 6.8476 yuan per dollar after disappointing factory activity data. With no official deadlines announced for actions to resolve the ongoing trade conflict, market sentiment is open to the elevated volatility.

Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
Critical Materials: Present Danger for US Manufacturing //ar.knoema.com/wzbxqpe/critical-materials-present-danger-for-us-manufacturing 2020-12-10T03:19:55Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Critical Materials: Present Danger for US Manufacturing

Source: Critical Materials: Present Danger to U.S. Manufacturing

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China Trade Data | Latest Official Statistics //ar.knoema.com/ykhyfbb/china-trade-data-latest-official-statistics 2020-12-10T03:14:46Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China Trade Data | Latest Official Statistics

(October 2019) China and the United States reached a partial trade deal on Friday, October 11, with the US agreeing to forgo further tariff escalation in exchange for China agreeing to resume purchases of US farm products. However, even if trade terms improve between the countries, recent preliminary figures released by China's customs office suggest Chinese exports hurt by the trade war will need time to recover to 2018 levels.Since the beginning of 2019, China exported $348 billion to the United States, 11.3 percent less than during the same period of 2018.China's exports denominated in US dollars decreased by 0.9 percent in October compared to the same month one year ago. Imports decreased even more, dropping 6.5 percent over the same period.The decline of total exports was led by sluggish exports to the United States, which decreased 16 percent in October compared to the same month one year ago.

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Coronavirus Undercutting US-China Trade Deal Targets //ar.knoema.com/kmfgls/coronavirus-undercutting-us-china-trade-deal-targets 2020-12-03T16:21:20Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Coronavirus Undercutting US-China Trade Deal Targets

(Updated: 3 December 2020; Published: 19 June 2020) According to Phase One of the Economic and Trade Agreement between China and the United States, China committed to purchase no less than an additional $63.9 billion of covered goods from the United States by the end of 2020 relative to 2017 baselines. Depending on the baseline data used, China's purchases range from $142.7 billion (if US export data is used) to $172.7 billion (if Chinese import data is used). Based on these estimates, the Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) calculated monthly targets for China's imports from the United States.According to PIIE, for the period January-September 2020, Chinese imports from the United States were about $60 billion less than the purchase target, roughly a 45 percent deviation from the target.The largest deviation from target was from trade of energy goods. In the first nine months of 2020 China imported 3 times less from the United States than the target value.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
COVID-Tensions With China Hit Stock Value of Australian Wine Giant //ar.knoema.com/rskudtb/covid-tensions-with-china-hit-stock-value-of-australian-wine-giant 2020-11-23T06:11:51Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
COVID-Tensions With China Hit Stock Value of Australian Wine Giant

(1 September 2020) On August 18, China launched an anti-dumping investigation in the World Trade Organization against Australian wine exports, sending the stock value of the wine giant Treasury Wine Estates tumbling by more than 16 percent. China is the largest export market for Australian wine, amounting to $792 million in 2019, or nearly 40 percent of the value of Australia's total wine exports.   The dumping case is the latest in a series of economic responses from China after Australia rebuked Beijing publicly for concealing reliable information about the coronavirus. Beijing has imposed tariffs on Australian barley and cut off some Australian beef supplies as well.

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China: Select Economic Signals Return to Pre-COVID Levels in Q3 2020 //ar.knoema.com/exxkgof/china-select-economic-signals-return-to-pre-covid-levels-in-q3-2020 2020-10-20T23:31:22Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China: Select Economic Signals Return to Pre-COVID Levels in Q3 2020

(Updated: 19 October 2020; Originally published: 17 April 2020)  On Monday, China's National Bureau of Statistics released official economic performance estimates for Q3 2020 that shows a return to pre-crisis levels for some economic indicators. China's GDP growth was 4.9 percent YoY in Q3, according to preliminary estimates, supported by growth in industrial production (5.8% YoY) and services production (4.3% YoY).China's unemployment is also gradually decreasing. In September 2020, the urban surveyed unemployment rate was 5.4 percent, down 0.2 percentage points from August.Inflation risks continue to decline as well. Consumer price inflation decelerated to 1.7 percent YoY in September. For the first three quarters of 2020 inflation grew by 3.3 percent YoY. Further review of the expenditure side of GDP reveals that government final consumption and surging exports are the primary factors contributing to the strength and pace of China's overall economic recovery from the COVID-19 disruption. Real personal income, investment, and retail sales of consumer goods have also shifted from negative to positive growth for the first time in 2020. During Q1-Q3, real personal income was up 0.6 percent YoY and investment was up 0.8 percent YoY. Retail sales of consumer goods managed to grow by 0.9 percent YoY during Q3. 

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China Has Built Up its Digital Muscles //ar.knoema.com/tlnbmw/china-has-built-up-its-digital-muscles 2020-06-24T18:13:21Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China Has Built Up its Digital Muscles

Digital technologies play an increasingly important role not only in everyday life but also in the global competitiveness of leading countries. According to latest estimates from UNCTAD, the United States continues to have the world’s largest ICT sector, estimated at 5% of GDP or almost $1 trillion. Due to China's rapid economic and ICT investment growth in recent decades, however, the country's digital sector has closed in on the United States' ICT sector. The gap between the two ICT sectors is now just $30 billion in PPP terms.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China: Negative GDP Growth for First Time in 44 Years | The Latest Official Statistics //ar.knoema.com/eywrzpg/china-negative-gdp-growth-for-first-time-in-44-years-the-latest-official-statistics 2020-06-17T02:48:49Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China: Negative GDP Growth for First Time in 44 Years | The Latest Official Statistics

(17 April 2020)  Chinese GDP contracted 6.8 percent in the first quarter of 2020 according to China's National Bureau of Statistics. While it is the first decline in the history of quarterly GDP growth records, which date back to 1993, annual GDP, which has a longer history, dropped below zero once before in 1976. It is still unclear whether the Chinese economy will register a decline at the end of 2020. According to the IMF's latest World Economic Outlook, China is among the critical few economies that are still projected to grow in 2020.   China's rapid economic downturn is tied to the Coronavirus pandemic and associated measures to suppress it. In absolute terms, China lost around $242 billion in GDP in the first quarter, well above the $125 billion of expected loss estimated by the World Bank.In the previous two quarters, China's economy grew at 6 percent year-on-year, a slight drop from 6.2 percent in the second quarter of 2019 and, more notably, a nearly 30 year low. Not even during the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 did China’s GDP growth rate fall below 6.4 percent. The economic slowdown in the third quarter of 2019 was in part attributed to the trade war with the United States, which hurt Chinese exports. In 2019, export growth halted and slipped into negative rates, whereas 2018 boasted 10 percent export growth year-over-year. The decline in exports and expectations from the trade war chilled investment, employment, and household consumption in China, the strength of which to date has sustained the country's economic growth. But in current conditions under 'the Great Lockdown', Chinese consumers cannot support the economy, and, as a result, we see the decline of the world's largest economy. China's economic troubles will likely extend beyond the first quarter not only because of COVID-19 but also because of financial structural problems, such as high debt levels, decelerating real estate market, and unproductive use of capital.   Read more on Evidence for Chinese Economic Recession in our Insights blog.

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China: Car Sales Rebounding for the First Time in Two Years //ar.knoema.com/fuhrece/china-car-sales-rebounding-for-the-first-time-in-two-years 2020-06-03T07:26:18Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China: Car Sales Rebounding for the First Time in Two Years

Beijing's stimulus measures and COVID-19 containment measures have helped the country's leading car production provinces—Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Shandong, Jilin, and Liaoning—to increase production in April by more than 20 percent compared to the same month one year ago. Car sales increased to 1.9 million units, which while representing zero growth from on year ago, it also marks the first time since July 2018 that car sales did not decline and brings sales within reach of the 2.2 million unit monthly average recorded since 2014.While the impact of COVID-19 on China's auto industry was dramatic—car sales decreased 80 percent in February and 46 percent in March on a year-over-year basis—the general sales slump pre-dates COVID-19. Sales decreased by 8 percent in 2019, and 3 percent in 2018. 

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Coronavirus Brought China's Exports Down 17% in January and February //ar.knoema.com/lfsplof/coronavirus-brought-china-s-exports-down-17-in-january-and-february 2020-05-21T11:27:40Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Coronavirus Brought China's Exports Down 17% in January and February

(10 March 2020)  According to the General Administration of Customs (GACC), China's exports dipped 17.2 percent year on year to $292.5 billion during the January-February 2020 period, while imports decreased 4 percent to $299.5 billion. The trade deficit stood at $7.09 billion in contrast to the same period last year when China had a trade surplus of $41.5 billion.Since the decline in China's exports was about four times more than the decline in its imports, foreign trade will have a substantial negative effect on GDP growth in Q1 2020.The GACC delayed the release of January’s trade data and instead published the combined January-February period values.  

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Chinese Economy - a Bubble? //ar.knoema.com/izjsywd/chinese-economy-a-bubble 2020-03-19T16:37:03Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Chinese Economy - a Bubble?

(Fall 2017) Nowadays China is growing at rapid clip, averaging 10 percent growth per year. According to the World Bank, China is "the fastest sustained expansion by a major economy in history.” The  United Nations classifies China as a developing country, but as Quartz reporting highlights, the official definition is...not exactly defined, officially.The two indicators commonly referenced to distinguish developed countries from developing countries are GDP per capita and the Human Development Index (HDI), with $25,000 the cutoff for GDP per capita and 0.88 the average HDI among developed countries. Today many speculate that the Chinese economy is a bubble, pointing to debt and the cost of bad assets. In the fourth quarter of 2016, the total debt of China exceeded the debt of the US by more than 250 percent. Whereas government debt is comparable with other countries, corporate and household debt of China has risen sharply. And this is the reason to worry. China's economic performance collapsed after the Great Recession of 2008. Demand for Chinese exports took the wind out of the economy. The slowdown in exports influenced not only production volume but also employment; the government said that more than 20 million migrants lost their jobs.In addition, manufacturing PMI, an indicator of the level of economic health of the manufacturing sector, hit the lowest level in years.According to Yu Bin, head of the micro economy research department at the State Council’s Development Research Centre, stable economic growth depends on a high-level of infrastructure investment. That's why following the 2008 crisis, infrastructure investment jumped by more than 50 percent in China. As a result, though, loans increased, too. So, let’s look at the Chinese economy now. As the second-largest economy in the world and the world's trade engine, a shock in China today is likely to have a similar economic shock as did the US housing credit bubble in 2008. Chinese companies are facing a decreased ability to pay. The number of healthy companies* fell by more than 30 percent between 20017 and 2016, from 577 companies to 845. In 2016, Fortune reported that China’s biggest banks lost more than ¥270 billion from writing off bad debts. In 2017, this figure has continued to grow. Explore these figures and more in our dashboard below. *Ratio is estimated based on net debt to EBITDA ratio.

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China's Economic Activity Plunged In February To All-Time Low //ar.knoema.com/hoprqrf/china-s-economic-activity-plunged-in-february-to-all-time-low 2020-03-13T02:05:38Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China's Economic Activity Plunged In February To All-Time Low

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China: Coronavirus Accelerating Inflation //ar.knoema.com/uapoajd/china-coronavirus-accelerating-inflation 2020-03-05T06:17:00Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China: Coronavirus Accelerating Inflation

Last month, inflation in China hit its highest level in more than eight years. While many businesses in China are closed due to coronavirus, increasing government spending to fight the outbreak may accelerate inflation still further due to supply shortages.China’s consumer price index rose 5.4 percent on a year-over-year basis in January, after a 4.5 percent increase in December, according to the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS).The NBS attributed January's inflation figures to the Lunar New Year holiday, the coronavirus outbreak, and a lower price base from last year.January’s jump was mainly fueled by the rising price of meats (especially pork) due to the Asian swine fever that has decimated hog populations in China. Meat prices almost doubled in January compared to the same month of 2019.   

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
When will India have more people than China? //ar.knoema.com/tvhklwc/when-will-india-have-more-people-than-china 2019-11-12T16:27:28Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
When will India have more people than China?

The population of China currently exceeds the population of India by approximately 70 million, according to estimates from the United Nations. The UN's World Population Prospects report puts the population of China at 1.38 billion, compared to 1.31 billion for India. Other sources' estimates of current population range from 1.37 to 1.40 billion for China and from 1.28 to 1.31 billion for India.  Just as current population estimates differ, so do forecasts as to when the difference in the population between the two countries will level off.According to the United Nations', existing differences between the total population of the two countries will level off by 2022.The UN Food and Agriculture Organization gives a later date - 2024 - as do the OECD and UNCTAD, which predict 2028.In contrast, analysis from the World Bank suggests that India could outpace China as early as 2021, just 5 years from now. Global expectations that the Indian population will surpass that of China stem from these two countries belonging to different fertility groups. China is considered to be a "low fertility" country while India is generally considered an "intermediate fertility" country. India, like China, has already experienced a substantial decline in fertility as a result of the implementation of its National Family Planning Program in 1952, but the program did not lead to the same dramatic population changes as experienced under China's One-Child Policy. Other factors behind the anticipated rapid population growth in India are high illiteracy and poverty rates, immigration from Bangladesh and Nepal, and declining mortality rates. These same factors have already led India to outpace China in terms of total contribution to world population growth. During the period 2010-2015, the population of India increased by 16 million - the highest contribution of any country, accounting for 19% of the global population increase - while the population of China grew by 7 million. India is expected to continue to lead globally in contribution to population growth through 2050, followed by Nigeria. Various international agencies estimate that India's current growth rate is in the range of 1.2 to 1.32 percent, while China's is lower at about 0.46 to 0.56 percent. And although India's population growth rate is continuously declining - expected to drop below 1% by 2024 and below 0% threshold by 2069 - it is not expected to drop below China's growth rate during the next 100 years, virtually ensuring India's status as the world population leader for some time to come. Population of China | Population of India 

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
One Belt One Road: An Investment Perspective for Participating Economies //ar.knoema.com/yxtivnf/one-belt-one-road-an-investment-perspective-for-participating-economies 2019-10-24T18:19:14Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
One Belt One Road: An Investment Perspective for Participating Economies

Last year the government of China formally adopted the One Belt One Road Initiative to improve the transport and trading links between China and Eurasian and African countries. A modern day version of the Silk Road network of trade routes between East and West circa 207 BCE, One Belt One Road (aka Belt and Road Initiative or just BRI) will be the largest investment initiative in history. BRI will span more than 68 countries and including an estimated $8 trillion of investment in transportation networks, energy production, and telecommunications infrastructure. The majority of the investment will be financed by Chinese-issued debt. Given the diverse composition of countries, the effects of new debt-financed infrastructure investment will vary. Participating countries range from rich Qatar to poor Afghanistan, high population India to small Timor-Leste, debt-dependent Lebanon to debt-free Brunei, growing Ethiopia to stagnating Yemen, and export-oriented Singapore to mostly import-oriented Bhutan.Large and growing countries for which the value of expected investment is insignificant compared to the economy's size and growth rate—making these countries better able to cope with the additional debt service—stand to benefit the most. Such countries include India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, and South Korea.Analysis by the Center for Global Development indicates that none of 68 economies will face systemic debt problems as a result of the BRI. According to the Center, among those countries for which debt sustainability concerns may arise are: Montenegro, Jordan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Djibouti, and Armenia.

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Government Gross Debt: Greece, Italy, India, and China //ar.knoema.com/nophbve/government-gross-debt-greece-italy-india-and-china 2019-10-24T17:12:33Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Government Gross Debt: Greece, Italy, India, and China

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China Retail Sales-Retail Sales ticked up in September 2019 //ar.knoema.com/jhmyqn/china-retail-sales-retail-sales-ticked-up-in-september-2019 2019-10-22T16:24:04Z Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
China Retail Sales-Retail Sales ticked up in September 2019

China’s retail sales grew 7.8 percent YoY in September compared to 7.5 percent YoY in August 2019. The sale was ticked up due to growth in household appliances and slower contraction in auto sales.   Retail Sales performance in terms of Consumption pattern:Automobile sales contracted 2.2 percent in September as compared to contraction of 8.1 percent in August.Furniture sales ticked up to 6.3 percent compared to 5.7 percent in August.Gold, Silver and Jewelry contracted 6.6 percent in September against the contraction of 7.0 percent in August.Retail sales of enterprises excluding automobiles grew 3.1 percent in September compared to 2 percent in August.

Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
Retail Sales Slumps Marginally in August, 2019 //ar.knoema.com/feeqgbf/retail-sales-slumps-marginally-in-august-2019 2019-09-30T07:22:33Z Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
Retail Sales Slumps Marginally in August, 2019

China’s retail sales grew 7.5 percent Y-o-Y in August 2019 compared to 7.6 percent Y-o-Y in the previous month. The sales decelerated largely due to sharp contraction in auto sales and oil and oil product sales.   Retail Sales performance in terms of Consumption pattern:Automobile sales fell down 8.1 percent in August compared to 2.6 percent fall in previous month.Oil and Oil products fell down 1.2 percent in August compared to 1.1 percent fall in the previous month.Furniture sales grew at softer rate 5.7 percent in August compared to 6.3 percent in the previous month.On the other hand, garments, cosmetics and building materials grew 5.2 percent (vs 2.9 PC in July), 12.8 percent (vs 9.4 PC in July) and 5.9 percent (vs 0.4 PC in July). Moreover, home appliances and office supplies and telecoms grew 4.2 percent (vs 3 PC), 19.4 percent (vs 14.5 PC in July) and 3.5 percent (vs 1 PC in July).

Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
Quarterly GDP Growth Rate of China //ar.knoema.com/qwtrpab/quarterly-gdp-growth-rate-of-china 2019-08-06T09:12:04Z Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
Quarterly GDP Growth Rate of China

Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
Fertility Rates //ar.knoema.com/voditnd/fertility-rates 2019-08-02T15:03:19Z Paul Stiles ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1070020
Fertility Rates

Paul Stiles ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1070020
China Population //ar.knoema.com/dycyeng/china-population 2019-08-02T14:16:21Z Ivan Lapickii ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1051100
China Population

Ivan Lapickii ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1051100
China's Manufacturing Index Drops in Negative Territory, May, 2019 //ar.knoema.com/gwonume/china-s-manufacturing-index-drops-in-negative-territory-may-2019 2019-06-11T10:21:10Z Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
China's Manufacturing Index Drops in Negative Territory, May, 2019

China's manufacturing activity contracted in May, 2019 as manufacturing purchasing managers index (PMI) declined to 49.4, a decrease of 0.7 points from last month amid ongoing trade war between U.S and China. Among the five sub-indices composing PMI, two indices, production and supplier delivery time, registered above 50 thresholds, while three indices, New orders, Main raw materials inventory and Employed person, experienced contraction of 1.6, 0.2 and 0.2 points on MoM respectively in May, 2019.Index of Production and Supplier delivery time have registered at 51.7 and 59.0 receptively. Index of New orders, Main raw materials inventory and Employed person have registered at 49.8, 47.4 and 47 respectively. The drop in the index has largely been due to contraction in new orders and employment. This contraction suggests that there has been slowdown in sales and hiring.

Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
Yield Spread for China's Government Bond //ar.knoema.com/fiberjc/yield-spread-for-china-s-government-bond 2019-04-05T15:04:01Z Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
Yield Spread for China's Government Bond

Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
Population of China, 2017-2050 //ar.knoema.com/ogesegg/population-of-china-2017-2050 2019-03-21T02:05:30Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Population of China, 2017-2050

What is the population of China? The exact answer to this question can be given only on the basis of census data. Population census in China is conducted each 10 years, with the latest (the sixth) conducted in 2010. As of the latest census, the population of China was 1.34 billion. To get an idea of how many people live in China today, one must rely on estimates. The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs provides one such estimate. According to the UN, the population of China in 2015 was 1.376 billion, a total population increase of 2.7 percent from 2010 or an average annual population growth rate of 0.5 percent. Although China is currently the most populous country in the world - accounting for 18.7% of the world population, followed by India and the United States - its population growth rate is declining and is expected to become negative by the year 2035. If this estimate holds true, the population of India will surpass China by 2022, making India the most populous country in the world. China’s population growth is losing steam because starting in 1994 the total fertility rate in China declined below 2 births per woman. If this trend continues, China's population will drop below 2010 levels by the early 2050s, according to UN population forecasts. See also: When Will India Have More Population than China? Top-10 countries population statistics:China PopulationIndia PopulationUSA PopulationIndonesia PopulationBrazil Population World PopulationPakistan PopulationNigeria PopulationBangladesh PopulationRussia PopulationJapan Population World Population Ranking

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China: Exports of Pesticides vs Exports of Other Articles //ar.knoema.com/utbkjwc/china-exports-of-pesticides-vs-exports-of-other-articles 2019-01-28T07:24:33Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China: Exports of Pesticides vs Exports of Other Articles

Sources: FAO, Comtrade. Databases: Pesticides Trade; UN Comtrade Pesticides - Value of trade covering insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, disinfectants and others, as described by the Harmonised Coding System (HS) code 3808.

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China's Top Commodity Imports and Exports //ar.knoema.com/swmwycd/china-s-top-commodity-imports-and-exports 2019-01-08T12:07:19Z Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
China's Top Commodity Imports and Exports

Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
China: Global Investment Overview, 2017 //ar.knoema.com/kwolwcb/china-global-investment-overview-2017 2018-11-16T18:35:24Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China: Global Investment Overview, 2017

China’s devaluation of its national currency in early August should make foreign markets even more enticing to Chinese investors. Total Chinese foreign investment and construction contracts since 2005 already exceed $1.65 trillion, with new investment in 2016 on pace to top $170 billion. The question becomes: where will Chinese investors take their money next? Increased industry-based diversity could soon overtake a previous geographic diversity for Chinese investments abroad. As energy industry investment began to weaken last year under poor prior investment results and challenging global market conditions, Chinese investors easily shifted into transportation, real estate, technology, finance, and tourism industries. At the same time, Chinese investors, unswayed from their preference for large developed economies, have pulled back further from peak investment levels in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2013, which hit $38.3 billion. As a result, China's total investment in Europe in 2014 surpassed Sub-Saharan Africa for the first time in 10 years, a trend poised for repeat in 2015, based on total investment to date. Similarly, in 2013, the US became the leading single-country recipient of Chinese investment, a trend that has also continued during the first half of this year. Construction and engineering investment is an outlier against other industry and geographic trends. The relative geographic diversity in this industry potentially reflects an alignment of China's foreign policy priorities and the profit seeking objectives of its investors in international markets. The top locations for Chinese construction and engineering contracts last year were Sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Asia, with Nigeria, Venezuela, and Pakistan ranking among the top single-country contract targets. In this series, Knoema presents comprehensive data and visuals covering all major aspects of China's investment activity abroad, including an interactive tool for regional comparisons and detailed graphics on the interconnections between China's investments and trade in Sub-Saharan Africa. Source: Сhina global investment tracker, published by the American Enterprise Institute and the Heritage Foundation. Overview      2017 In Focus       Industry Drilldown       Regional Trends       Africa In Focus

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Taiwan: Trade Profile Shaped by Bilateral Trade with China //ar.knoema.com/qppyuwc/taiwan-trade-profile-shaped-by-bilateral-trade-with-china 2018-10-05T05:11:21Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Taiwan: Trade Profile Shaped by Bilateral Trade with China

Taiwan, an island off the southwestern coast of China, is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations. Today, Taiwan is home to 23.7 million people, a population comparable to that of Xinjiang, Beijing, and Shanghai. Despite a recent economic slowdown, Taiwan's GDP per capita stands at $25,000, nearly triple that of China. In terms of PPP, Taiwan ranks 77th in the world; China ranks 108th.  While Taiwan is an economic success, the island remains economically dependent on China. Partner dependency and commodity concentration could prove troublesome for Taiwan if mainland-island relations deteriorate as a result of political backlash, for example. With US-China economic relations the subject of intense focus in recent months, we take a look in today's Viz of the Day at Taiwan's existing trade relations with these two countries and its vulnerability to disruptions in political and economic relations with either nation.

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Surprise in China's Current Account Balance Trend //ar.knoema.com/rgtzavd/surprise-in-china-s-current-account-balance-trend 2018-07-12T13:32:35Z Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
Surprise in China's Current Account Balance Trend

China has registered 2018Q1 current account deficit after approx 17 years since 2001Q2 at the time when US has imposed 25 per cent tariff on China's import to curb imports from China and to boost domestic economy. China was running a current account surplus on an annual basis in the past 25 years, last time current account deficit on annual basis was in 1993.

Nematullah Khan ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1975840
China, "Global Investment Overview" Series: Latin America Comparative //ar.knoema.com/qbensbg/china-global-investment-overview-series-latin-america-comparative 2017-10-16T12:53:41Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China, "Global Investment Overview" Series: Latin America Comparative

Overview       2017 In Focus       Industry Drilldown       Regional Trends             Africa In Focus:      Sub-Saharan Africa      Latin America Comparative

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China: Trade and Investment with Sub-Saharan Africa Align in Metals, Energy //ar.knoema.com/oujdjcc/china-trade-and-investment-with-sub-saharan-africa-align-in-metals-energy 2017-10-16T10:56:14Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China: Trade and Investment with Sub-Saharan Africa Align in Metals, Energy

Overview       2017 In Focus       Industry Drilldown       Regional Trends             Africa In Focus:      Sub-Saharan Africa      Latin America Comparative

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China: Global Investment Overview, 2015 //ar.knoema.com/iuyneub/china-global-investment-overview-2015 2017-05-19T14:39:50Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China: Global Investment Overview, 2015

China’s devaluation of its national currency in early August should make foreign investment by Chinese investors relatively more attractive. Total Chinese foreign investment and construction contracts since 2005 already exceed $1.1 trillion, with new investment in 2015 on pace to top $100 billion. The question becomes: where will Chinese investors take their money next? Increased industry-based diversification could soon overtake a previous focus on geographic diversity for Chinese investments abroad. As the returns on energy investment began to weaken last year, Chinese investors easily shifted their investments in favor of transportation, real estate, technology, finance, and tourism industries. At the same time, Chinese investors, unswayed from their preference for large developed economies, have pulled back further from peak investment levels in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2013, which hit $38.3 billion. As a result, China's total investment in Europe in 2014 surpassed Sub-Saharan Africa for the first time in 10 years, a trend poised for repeat in 2015, based on total investment to date. Similarly, in 2013, the US was the leading single-country recipient of Chinese investment, a trend that has also continued during the first half of 2016. Construction and engineering investment is an outlier from other industry and geographic trends. The relative geographic diversity in this industry potentially reflects an alignment of China's foreign policy priorities and the profit seeking objectives of Chinese investors. The top locations for Chinese construction and engineering contracts last year were Sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Asia, with Nigeria, Venezuela, and Pakistan ranking among the top single-country targets for new contracts.   In this series, Knoema presents comprehensive data and visuals covering all major aspects of China's investment activity abroad, including an interactive tool for regional comparisons and detailed graphics on the interconnections between China's investments and trade in Sub-Saharan Africa.  Source: The China Global Investment Tracker, June 2015, covering China’s global investment and construction activity, published by the American Enterprise Institute and the Heritage Foundation. Overview       2015 In Focus       Industry Drilldown      Regional Trends       Africa In Focus

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Potential Cyber-Sanctions Increase Scrutiny of US-China Trade and Investment //ar.knoema.com/yehzhxe/potential-cyber-sanctions-increase-scrutiny-of-us-china-trade-and-investment 2016-08-03T15:37:04Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Potential Cyber-Sanctions Increase Scrutiny of US-China Trade and Investment

The United States government continues to monitor the adherence of China to a bilateral agreement signed in September 2015 to refrain from conducting or knowingly supporting cyber-enabled theft of intellectual property with the intent of providing competitive advantage to companies or commercial sectors. The US Government had reportedly begun developing a package of economic sanctions last fall against Chinese entities and individuals who have benefited from corporate and government or government-sponsored cyber theft of US trade secrets, according to Western press reports. Some US industry executives, however, have raised concerns about the risk sanctions present to the competitiveness of US firms operating in China, according to recent press reports. US President Barack Obama's sanction authority in this case is derived from an executive order signed in April against entities engaging in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities. Developing effective sanctions against Chinese individuals and large, global Chinese companies, however, requires caution given the lucrative trade and investment relationship between China and the US, concerns of targeted retaliation, and the preservation of broader international cooperation between the two countries.China is the United States' second largest trading parnter by total trade turnover after Canada and the leading country of origin of US imports. China provides about 20 percent of total US imports, but its share in deliveries of some commodity groups to the US market exceeds 70 percent (e. g. footwear/headgear, toys, games and sports requisites).Total US-China trade reached $610.2 billion in 2014 and has continued to grow in 2015, showing new seasonal peaks. The US trade deficit with China also reached all-time highs in June.China is a major holder of the US government debt - hovering at about 20 percent of US treasuries through most of 2015 - as well as a large investor. China's direct investment in the US economy during the period 2005-2014 totaled $82 billion. In this dashboard Knoema provides detailed data on the structure of US-China trade and investment and recent trends. Sources: U.S. Trade and International Transactions, Annual, Quarterly & Monthly Series, August 2015; UN Comtrade: Merchandise trade by Commodity, HS12, 2015; Foreign holdings of U. S. Treasury securities; China Global Investment Tracker, June 2015. Bilateral Trade        Investments  

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Trade Policy Review Body - China //ar.knoema.com/ccemvlc/trade-policy-review-body-china 2016-06-16T08:56:17Z Alina Buzanakova ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1293450
Trade Policy Review Body - China

Surveillance of national trade policies is a fundamentally important activity running throughout the work of the WTO. At the centre of this work is the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM). All WTO members are reviewed, the frequency of each country’s review varying according to its share of world trade. Event Holder: World Trade Organization Source of data: WTO, the World Bank, UN

Alina Buzanakova ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1293450
Potential Cyber-Sanctions Increase Scrutiny of US-China Trade and Investment //ar.knoema.com/pqbcic/potential-cyber-sanctions-increase-scrutiny-of-us-china-trade-and-investment 2016-02-18T16:02:40Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Potential Cyber-Sanctions Increase Scrutiny of US-China Trade and Investment

The United States government continues to monitor the adherence of China to a bilateral agreement signed in September 2015 to refrain from conducting or knowingly supporting cyber-enabled theft of intellectual property with the intent of providing competitive advantage to companies or commercial sectors. The US Government had reportedly begun developing a package of economic sanctions last fall against Chinese entities and individuals who have benefited from corporate and government or government-sponsored cyber theft of US trade secrets, according to Western press reports. Some US industry executives, however, have raised concerns about the risk sanctions present to the competitiveness of US firms operating in China, according to recent press reports. US President Barack Obama's sanction authority in this case is derived from an executive order signed in April against entities engaging in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities. Developing effective sanctions against Chinese individuals and large, global Chinese companies, however, requires caution given the lucrative trade and investment relationship between China and the US, concerns of targeted retaliation, and the preservation of broader international cooperation between the two countries.China is the United States' second largest trading parnter by total trade turnover after Canada and the leading country of origin of US imports. China provides about 20 percent of total US imports, but its share in deliveries of some commodity groups to the US market exceeds 70 percent (e. g. footwear/headgear, toys, games and sports requisites).Total US-China trade reached $610.2 billion in 2014 and has continued to grow in 2015, showing new seasonal peaks. The US trade deficit with China also reached all-time highs in June.China is a major holder of the US government debt - hovering at about 20 percent of US treasuries through most of 2015 - as well as a large investor. China's direct investment in the US economy during the period 2005-2014 totaled $82 billion. In this dashboard Knoema provides detailed data on the structure of US-China trade and investment and recent trends. Sources: U.S. Trade and International Transactions, Annual, Quarterly & Monthly Series, August 2015; UN Comtrade: Merchandise trade by Commodity, HS12, 2015; Foreign holdings of U. S. Treasury securities; China Global Investment Tracker, June 2015. Bilateral Trade        Investments  

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Chinese Yuan Devaluation //ar.knoema.com/tzoryvg/chinese-yuan-devaluation 2015-08-28T13:40:14Z Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
Chinese Yuan Devaluation

On 11 August 2015, the People’s Bank of China announced a 1.9 percent devaluation of the Chinese yuan by resetting the daily band within which it is traded. The move by China's central bank generated broad turbulence in global commodity and financial markets and could have important implications for the world’s largest economies.  Tuesday's adjustment was the largest single-day devaluation since 1994 and comes just over a month ahead of a vote at the IMF to make the renminbi - commonly referred to in international contexts as the yuan - a reserve currency. Chinese officials have supported a strong yuan to make a case for official reserve status in addition to detering capital outlfows, among other factors, according to Western financial analysts. In today's Viz of the Day, Knoema provides broader context to the decision of the Central Bank with data that highlight trends in Chinese yuan market exchange rates, foreign trade, and other leading indicators and economic variables. Sources: IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO), April 2015; OECD Key Short-Term Economic Indicators, July 2015;WTO Short-term merchandise trade statistics, June 2015;Merchandise trade matrix, exports and imports to world by commodity, annual, 1995-2013. Data on spot exchange rates from the Bank of England database.

Alex Kulikov ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1847910
China-Russia Oil and Gas 2015 //ar.knoema.com/kgeroxd/china-russia-oil-and-gas-2015 2015-04-27T17:51:22Z Alina Buzanakova ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1293450
China-Russia Oil and Gas 2015

China-Russia Oil and Gas 2015 is the largest and most senior gathering to discuss emerging opportunities and market strategies.  It also represents a gateway to the region, making this the most anticipated experience of the year.  Hear from the National Development and Reform Commission, Zhen Hua Oil, Rosneft, Transneft, Sibur, Novatek, BlueLine Project and Gazprombank as they discuss the development of new trading hubs for crude, oil products and natural gas, infrastructure expansion and investment opportunities in the region.  Event Holder: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Alina Buzanakova ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1293450
Travel to Hawaii from Asian Countries for Purpose of Honeymoon and/or Wedding in 2011 //ar.knoema.com/gumapng/travel-to-hawaii-from-asian-countries-for-purpose-of-honeymoon-and-or-wedding-in-2011 2013-11-19T04:29:34Z Laurie Sasaki ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1115670
Travel to Hawaii from Asian Countries for Purpose of Honeymoon and/or Wedding in 2011

Laurie Sasaki ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1115670
China GDP growth (annual %) //ar.knoema.com/ualsehd/china-gdp-growth-annual 2013-11-11T08:42:06Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China GDP growth (annual %)

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
Demography statistics by countries: China //ar.knoema.com/hryiqyg/demography-statistics-by-countries-china 2013-03-12T06:11:32Z Ivan Lapickii ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1051100
Demography statistics by countries: China

Ivan Lapickii ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1051100
China GDP Forecast //ar.knoema.com/kukoaw/china-gdp-forecast 2012-04-11T16:06:50Z Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China GDP Forecast

Misha Gusev ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000560
China Outlook (Economic, Business Environment and Health Sector) //ar.knoema.com/ngwpove/china-outlook-economic-business-environment-and-health-sector 2012-04-11T16:06:42Z Vladimir Eskin ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000580
China Outlook (Economic, Business Environment and Health Sector)

Vladimir Eskin ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000580
Where is China investing in 2011? //ar.knoema.com/rirkkec/where-is-china-investing-in-2011 2012-04-11T16:06:32Z Data Geek ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000610
Where is China investing in 2011?

Data Geek ar.knoema.com://ar.knoema.com/user/1000610