United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat, UN Statistics Division Demographic Yearbook, WHO European health for all database and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources. Definition: Adolescent fertility covers live births to women aged 15-19. A live birth is the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which after such separation breathes or shows any other evidence of life such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. The adolescent fertility rate is the number of live births to women aged 15-19 per 1000 women aged 15-19. General note: Data on live births come from registers, unless otherwise specified. The adolescent fertility rate is computed by UNECE secretariat. .. - data not available Country: Albania Data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Armenia Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth. Data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Azerbaijan Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth. Data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Belarus Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth. Data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina 1995 : data refer to 1996. Country: Canada Data include Canadian residents temporarily in the United States, but exclude United States residents temporarily in Canada. Country: Cyprus Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. Country: Estonia Data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Finland Data include nationals temporarily outside the country. Country: Georgia Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth. From 1995 : data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). 1980-2003 : data refer to age group 15-20. Country: Germany 1980-1990 : data cover only West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany). From 1995 : data refer to reunified Germany, i.e. include the ex-German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Country: Ireland Data are tabulated by date of registration (rather than occurrence) and refer to births registered within one year of occurrence. 2005-2006 : provisional data. Country: Israel Data cover East Jerusalem and Israeli residents in certain other territories under occupation by Israeli military forces since June 1967. 1980 : data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Kazakhstan Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth. Data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Kyrgyzstan 1980-2003 : data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth. Country: Latvia Data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Malta Data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Netherlands Data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Norway Age classification is based on year of birth of mother rather than the exact age of mother at birth of child. Country: Poland 1980 : data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Portugal Data refer to resident mothers. Country: Russian Federation Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth. Data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Data are tabulated by date of registration (rather than occurrence). Country: Turkey 1980-2000: data source is population censuses. From 2001: data are from administrative source. Country: Turkmenistan Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth. Data refer to age group 0-19. Country: Ukraine Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth. 2000 : data refer to 1998. 1990 : data refer to age group 0-19. Country: United Kingdom Data are tabulated by date of occurrence for England and Wales and by date of registration for Northern Ireland and Scotland. Country: United States 2000 : data refer to 1999. Country: Uzbekistan Data refer to age group 18-19.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires. Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management. Country: Russian Federation The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition:The Central Bank is the institution which is charged with regulating the amount of the money supply in a country, the availability and cost of credit, and the foreign exchange value of its currency. The boards of Central Banks are the decision making bodies. General note: Data on any fixed date of the year. .. - data not available Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Data refer to: Governor and members of Governing Board. Country: Croatia Additional information (2013): Since 2013, Central Bank has 8 (instead of previously 14) board members. Country: Cyprus Reference period (2011): data refer to 2012. Country: Cyprus Government controlled area only. Country: Czechia Reference period (2008): Data refer to June - July. Country: Georgia Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region. Country: Germany Additional information (1990): The structure of the Deutsche Bundesbank and the maximum number of members of the decision making body was reorganized in 1992. Country: Germany Additional information (2002): The structure of the Deutsche Bundesbank and the maximum number of members of the decision making body was reorganized in 2002. Country: Hungary Change in definition (1995 onward): Data refer to President and deputy presidents. Country: Iceland Change in definition (1980 onward): Data refer to Board of governors. Country: Kazakhstan 1990: data refer to 1993. Country: Latvia Additional information (1995 - 2013): The Bank of Latvia is administered by the Council of the Bank and the Board of the Bank. Country: Latvia Change in definition (1995 - 2013): Data refer to the Council of the Bank. Country: Portugal Banco de Portugal is included. Country: Slovakia 2015 data refer to 20 November 2015. Country: Sweden Change in nomenclature from ISCO-88 to ISCO-08 between 2013 and 2014. Country: Switzerland Reference period: as of 1st January

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources. Definition: Data provided refer to the proportion of persons who used a computer in the last three months preceding the survey over the total population of corresponding sex and age group. A computer is defined as a multi purpose machine, a personal computer, powered by one of the major operating systems, i.e. Macintosh (Apple), Linux or Microsoft (Windows XP, NT or Vista). PDAs (handheld computers or palmtops) are included. Other equipments with embedded computing technologies, e.g. cell phones, TV sets, washing machines and dish washers are not considered as computers. .. - data not availableCountry: ArmeniaAdditional information (2004 - 2008): Data refer to percentage of persons using computers in households covered in Integrated household living standards survey.Country: ArmeniaFor 2013-2014 data refer to the proportion of persons who used a computer in the last 12 months. Since 2015, to the proportion of persons who used a computer in the last three months.Country: BelarusRefers to computer use in the past 12 months.Country: IsraelChange in definition (2002 - 2006): Data refer to population aged 20 and over. Data refer to the proportion of persons who used a computer in the last month.Country: IsraelChange in definition (2007 - 2013): Data refer to population aged 20 and over.Country: Moldova, Republic ofChange in definition (2009): Data refer to ge groups: 16-29, 30-59, 60-74.Country: Russian FederationReference period (2013): Data do not refer to equipment such as mobile cellular phones , PDAs ( personal digital assistants) or TVs etc.Country: SerbiaData exclude territory of Kosovo and MetohijaCountry: United StatesChange in definition (1990 - 2013): Data do not refer to last 3 months, i.e. not time specific. Data are collected in October.

Definition: Constitutional court is the high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether or not laws that are challenged are in fact constitutional.In the case that the country does not have a separate constitutional court, data relates to the institution that has been delegated constitutional judicial authority, usually the supreme court. General note: Reference period - any fixed date of the year. .. - data not available Country: Croatia Additional information (2012 - 2013): The Croatian Constitution regulates that the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia consists of 13 judges.Due to retirement, there are 12 judges left. Country: Cyprus Reference period (2011): data refer to 2012. Country: Cyprus Government controlled area only. Country: Estonia 2015: Figures reported are data as of 30.08.2016. Refers to justices of the Supreme court, not the full composition of the constitutional court. Country: Germany Change in definition (2004 - 2012): Data refer to members of constitutional court, without constitutional courts of the Federal States (Laender). Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Montenegro Reference period (2007): Data is valid only up to September 2007. Country: Netherlands Reference period (2011): Data refer to April 2012. Country: Slovakia Data for 2014 refer to 15 March. Data for 2015 refer to 20 November. Country: Switzerland Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Data refer to members of Federal Supreme Court.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition: Persons convicted are persons found guilty by any legal body duly authorised to do so under national law, whether the conviction was later upheld or not. .. - data not available Country: Austria Break in methodlogy (2000): Significantly reduced number of convictions between 1999 and 2000: the decline is due to diversion which is now applicable to adults in criminal law. Country: Austria Change in definition (1990): Juveniles: data refer to persons aged less than 19. Persons, who were convicted more than once in the indicated year are multiple-counted. Country: Austria Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Juveniles: data refer to persons aged less than 19. Country: Bulgaria Break in methodlogy (2000): Until 1997 data are based on the activity of the regional and district courts on penal trials of general, private and administrative character. Since 1998 the information for the activity of military courts is also included. Country: Bulgaria Break in methodlogy (2012): Since 2012 data include activities of the Special Criminal Court. Country: Canada Found guilty includes guilty of the charged offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the charged offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed. Data refer to fiscal year (April 1 through March 31 of following year). 1995-2004: data do not cover all provinces and territories. Adult is a person of age 18+ at the time of the offence. Juvenile is a person aged 12 to 17 y.o at the time of the offence. Country: Cyprus Data refer to the Government controlled area only. Country: Cyprus Includes convictions of both serious crimes (in violation of the Penal Code) and minor offences, as well as traffic violations. Country: Czechia Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data include not only imprisonment but also e.g. fines, ban on activity, etc. Country: Denmark Break in methodlogy (2007): From 1980 to 2006, data refer to all persons with a decision, incl. acquitted and prosecutor dropped. From 2007, data cover only those who are convicted. Country: Estonia Break in methodlogy (1990): Change in laws and methodology. Country: Finland Break in methodlogy (2000): Offences against the Road Traffic Act carrying imprisonment as penalty were transferred to the Penal code on 1 October 1999. Country: France Additional information (1995 - 2002): Amnesties (part of convictions was not registered). Country: France Change in definition (1980 - 2012): Data include DOM-TOM. Country: France Provisional value (2012): Country: Georgia Territorial change (1990 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region. Country: Germany Territorial change (1980 - 2006): Data refer to former territory of Germany. Country: Greece Change in definition (1990 - 2004): Juveniles: persons aged up to 17 Country: Ireland Change in definition (2000 - 2002): Headline Incidents only being included. Juveniles: 16 years or younger. Country: Israel Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Convicted juvenile offenders are those tried in juvenile courts. Country: Israel Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Convicted juvenile offenders are those tried in juvenile courts. Data on persons charged in criminal trials conducted in courts of first instance, who were sentenced during a given year. Since 2000 classification as adults or as juveniles was based on the following criteria, 1) The offender`age at the time crime was committed. 2)The offender`s age at time of the indictment 3)The type of court in which the trial was held.A juvenile offender is a person who meets two out of the three criteria . All other cases are considered to be adults. Country: Israel Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981 Country: Israel Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Country: Italy Break in methodlogy (2000): Change in methodology and source Country: Italy Change in definition (1980 - 2011): Data refers to the convicted persons recorded in the Judicial Database Country: Kazakhstan Break in methodlogy (2000): Change of source as of 2000 Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Netherlands Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data exclude persons with unknown sex and age. Country: Poland Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Juveniles: persons aged up to 16. Country: Poland Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Juveniles: persons aged up to 17. Country: Romania Convictions is equivalent to Persons convicted because there are no data regarding final convictions. Country: Serbia Territorial change (2000 onward): Data exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Slovenia Break in methodology (1995): Change in law. Break in methodology (2013): New amendment to the Criminal Procedure Act enabled the implementation of criminal proceedings and economized trials. This is reflected in the large increase of the number of convicted persons over the previous year. The number of convicted juveniles did not significantly increase during the same period – around 10%. Country: Spain Break in methodlogy (2008): Before 2007: different source and partial coverage. Country: Spain Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Juveniles: persons aged between 14 to 17 years. Country: Spain Change in definition (2000 - 2006): Juveniles: persons aged between 14 to 17 years. Convicted persons are partially reported by sex. Country: Sweden Change in definition (1980 onwards): Data refer to number of convictions. One person can contribute with more than one conviction during a calendar year. Includes attempts, assistance, preparation and conspiracy to commit an offence. Country: Switzerland Additional information (1990 - 1995): Data are not complete (Juvenile convictions are not available) Country: Switzerland Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Only convicted persons for felonies and misdemeanours. Country: Turkey 2005: break in series: introduction of changes in laws. 2009: break in series: change in data compilation method. Data refer to the number of sentence decisions rendered for accused persons at criminal courts in accordance with Turkish Criminal Law and special laws for 2009 and later. Total excludes judicial person, foreign national and unknown sex and age for 2009 and later. Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Country: United Kingdom Change in definition (2008 - onwards): For total convicted persons, male and female may not add up to total because the sex is not always recorded Country: United Kingdom Territorial change (1980): Data refer to England and Wales only. Country: United States Adults: data represent felony conviction in state and federal courts. 1995: data refer to 1994.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition: A ministry is a department of a government, led by a minister. A minister (sometimes called secretary) is a politician who holds significant public office in a national cabinet and is entrusted with the management of a division of governmental activities. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. Core ministries include: Cabinet of Prime Minister, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Justice. General note: Reference period: any fixed date of the year. .. - data not available Country: Estonia 2015: Data refers to composition after September 14, 2015. 2014: Data refers to composition between November 17, 2014 to April 9, 2015. Country: Georgia Territorial change (2004 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region. Country: Israel 1990: data refer to average from 1988-1990, 1995: data refer to average from 1992-1995, 2000: data refer to average from 1999-2001. Country: Latvia Reference period (1990): data refer to 1991. Country: Moldova, Republic of Additional information (1980): Data include the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Moldova, Republic of Additional information (1990): Data include the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Moldova, Republic of Additional information (1995 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Montenegro Additional information (2006): Ministry for Defense was formed in 2006. Country: Portugal 2008: data refer to 2009. Country: Slovakia Data for 2014 refer to 15 March. Data for 2015 refer to 20 November. Country: Switzerland Change in definition (1980 - onwards): All the 7 ministers in Switzerland are considered as being head of a Core Ministry.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international official sources. Area data exclude overseas departments and territories. For population footnotes click here. For life expectancy footnotes click here. For fertility rate footnotes click here. For population by marital status footnotes click here. For female members of parliament footnotes click here. For female government ministers footnotes click here. For female central bank board members footnotes click here. For female tertiary students footnotes click here. For economic activity rate footnotes click here. For gender pay gap footnotes click here. For employment growth rate footnotes click here. For unemployment rate footnotes click here. For youth unemployment rate footnotes click here. For employment by economic sector footnotes click here. For economic indicator footnotes click here. For road accident footnotes click here. For total length of motorways footnotes click here. For total length of railway lines footnotes click here. Key indicators in maps .. - data not availableIndicatorGDP in agriculture (ISIC4 A): output approach, index, 2010=100If the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP in industry (incl. construction) (ISIC4 B-F): output approach, index, 2010=100If the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP in services (ISIC4 G-U): output approach, index, 2010=100If the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in agriculture etc. (ISIC4 A), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in industry etc. (ISIC4 B-E), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in construction (ISIC4 F), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in trade, hospitality, transport and communication (ISIC4 G-J), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in finance and business services (ISIC4 K-N), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in public administration, education and health (ISIC4 O-Q), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in other service activities (ISIC4 R-U), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing (ISIC Rev. 4 A), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in industry and energy (ISIC Rev. 4 B-E), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in construction (ISIC Rev. 4 F), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in trade, hotels, restaurants, transport and communications (ISIC Rev. 4 G-J), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in finance, real estate and business services (ISIC Rev. 4 K-N), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in public administration, education and health (ISIC Rev. 4 O-Q), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in other service activities (ISIC Rev. 4 R-U), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition: The economically inactive population includes all the persons who are not part of the labour force, i.e. are neither employed nor unemployed. General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS), unless otherwise specified. Data are shown in thousands. Country: Armenia For the period of 1995-2006 data are based on integrated data received from various sources. Break in methodlogy (2007, 2014): from 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards. Since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey. Break in series (2008): 2007 data refer to population aged 16-75. Since 2008, application of ILO methodology, data cover population aged 15-75. Country: Austria Data below the threshold of 3 000 persons are not published, while caution should be taken in interpreting data below the threshold of 6 000 persons. Country: Austria Break in methodology (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure. Country: Bulgaria Change in definition (1990): Data for & 39;Other reasons, including sickness& 39; include persons who are inactive for personal or family reasons. Country: Bulgaria Change in definition (1995 - 2002): Data for & 39;Other reasons, including sickness& 39; include persons who are inactive for personal or family reasons. Data refer to June and include persons on compolsory military service Country: Bulgaria Change in definition (2003 - 2012): Data for & 39;Other reasons, including sickness& 39; include persons who are inactive for personal or family reasons. Data are annual averages and exclude persons on compulsory military service. Country: Bulgaria Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1993 Country: Bulgaria Data below the threshold of 4 000 persons are not reliable due to small sample sizes and are not published. Country: Canada Data for Study, Retirement and Home-making include only persons who have left their jobs within the last 12 months. All other inactive persons are included in the category Other reasons, including sickness. Country: Canada Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk ). Country: Croatia Data given for 2013 onwards are calibrated according to the results of the Census 2011 and are not fully comparable with data given for previous years. Country: Cyprus Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data cover government controlled area. Country: Czechia From 2010 a new variable covers retired persons. This creates differences in sum of reasons to total reasons. Country: Denmark Break in methodlogy (2009): Beark in series due to change in sources Country: Estonia Data for age group 15+ refers to 15-74; age group 65+ refers to 65-74. Country: Finland Change in definition (1990 - 2006): Data for age group 15+ refers to 15-74; age group 65+ refers to 65-74. Data for ?Home-making? include persons who take care of own children or other dependants. Data for ?Other reasons, including sickness? include disability and other reasons. Data for inactive persons aged 65+ were all classified as retired. Country: Finland Change in definition (2007 onward): Data for age group 15+ refers to 15-74; age group 65+ refers to 65-74. Data for ?Home-making? include persons who take care of own children or other dependants. Data for ?Other reasons, including sickness? include disability and other reasons. Country: France Data cover only Metropolitan France. Country: Georgia Change in definition (2008 onward): Inactive persons: homemaker - also includes a man who looks after infants or disabled persons Country: Georgia Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region Country: Germany Break in methodlogy (2005): Until 2004, data refer to one reporting week. From 2005 data are annual average figures. Country: Greece Data refer to annual averages. Country: Hungary Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Data for age group 15+ refers to 15-74; age group 65+ refers to 65-74. Data on ?Home-making? category include persons on parental leave. Data on ?Other reasons, including sickness? include permanently disabled persons. Country: Iceland Break in methodology (2003): Break in series because of change to continuous survey every week of the year. Country: Iceland Change in definition (1990 onward): The survey sample covered population aged 16 to 74. Country: Iceland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991. Country: Ireland Inactive according to ILO criteria classified by PES Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf Country: Israel Change in definition (1995): From 1995, 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Israel Change in definition (2000): From 2000, changes in the questionnaire (Highest Diploma Received, Discouraged Workers, Employees hired through employment agencies or employment contractors); See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_e_changes.pdf Country: Italy Break in methodlogy (2004): From 2004, there is a break in series due to change in survey and data collection procedure (continuous survey). Country: Kyrgyzstan 2003: break in series: change in methodology. Country: Latvia Change in definition (2002 - 2012): Age group 15+ refers to 15-74; age group 65+ refers to 65-74. Country: Latvia Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996. Country: Luxembourg Reference period (1980): Data refers to year 1983 Country: Malta Some data not shown due to lack of reliability. Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Netherlands All inactive persons aged 65+ were categorized as retired through 2013, but are included in other categories from 2014. Country: Norway Data for age group 15-64 refers to 15-66; age group 25-49 refers to 25-54; age group 50-64 refers to 55-66; age group 65+ refers to 55-74 and age group 15+ refers to 15-74. Data for ?Retirement? include early retirement and disabled persons. Country: Poland Data are not fully comparable with the results of the surveys prior to 2010 as persons staying outside households for 12 months or longer are excluded from the survey (previously over 3 months). Country: Portugal Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series. Estimates below 4 500 individuals are not shown due to high coefficients of variation. Country: Romania Break in methodology (2002): Due to the revision of the definitions and the coverage, the data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. Break in series starting with year 2013. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results. Country: Romania Reference period (1995): Data for 1995 refers to March 1995 Country: Russian Federation Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years Country: Russian Federation Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992 Country: Russian Federation Territorial change (1990 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Slovenia Some data not shown due to low reliability. Country: Spain Data for age group 15+ refers to 16+; age group 15-24 refers to 16-24 and age group 15-64 refers to 16-64. Data are annual average of the four quarters of the year. Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2010): Change to continuous survey. As of 2010: annual averages Country: Switzerland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Switzerland Reference period (1990 - 2009): Data refer to 2nd quarter Country: Switzerland Some data were deleted as unreliable Country: Turkey Break in series (2014): Since 2014 series are not comparable with the previous years due to methodological changes in LFS. Country: Turkey Break in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections. Country: Ukraine Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Economicaly active population include persons aged 15-70, who can not be classified as "employed" and "unemployed". Country: Ukraine Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster. Country: United Kingdom Some data were deleted as unreliable

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition:Educational attainment is defined as the highest level successfully completed by the person, in the educational system of the country where the education was received. The levels of education are defined according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED): - Primary: ISCED level 1 - Lower secondary: ISCED level 2 - Upper and post secondary non-tertiary: ISCED levels 3-4 - Tertiary: ISCED 1997 levels 5-6 or ISCED 2011 levels 5-8. In this table the upper secondary level includes post-secondary non-tertiary education. For most countries the transition from ISCED 1997 to ISCED 2011 is from the scool year 2013-2014. For more details see Country Footnotes. .. - data not available Country: Armenia Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Level of education ?not stated? includes population without education attainment. Country: Armenia Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979 Country: Armenia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Country: Austria Break in methodology (2004): In 2014 a new weighting procedure for the LFS was introduced. Following this change in the weighting procedure, data was revised back to 2004. Country: Austria ISCED-11 (2014 onwards): Break in series due to the reclassification of a programme spanning levels: the qualification acquired upon successful completion of higher technical and vocational colleges is allocated in ISCED 2011 to ISCED level 5; under ISCED 1997 the same qualification was reported on ISCED level 4, but earmarked as equivalent to tertiary education Country: Austria Change in definition (1980 - 2000): Data before 2000 do not comply with ISCED97 as regards distinction between upper secondary and tertiary. ISCED97 5B mainly included in Upper Secondary. Country: Austria Change in definition (2004 - 2015): Data include ISCED Level 3c short in lower secondary level. Country: Azerbaijan Reference period (1980 - 2013): Data refer to end of year. Country: Belarus Additional information (1990 - 2013): Total includes population without education. Country: Belarus Break in methodlogy (1990): Data refer to 1989 census Country: Belarus Break in methodlogy (2000): Data refer to 1999 census Country: Belgium 2010: break in series: change in methodology. Measurement: Persons , Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Population by educational attainment, educational level not stated refers to the population with no primary schooling and some primary. Country: Bulgaria Break in methodlogy (1980): Data are from 1985 census Country: Bulgaria Break in methodlogy (1990): Data are from 1992 census Country: Bulgaria Break in methodlogy (2001): Data are from 2001 census Country: Bulgaria Reference period (1995 - 2002): Data refer to June of respective year Country: Canada Additional information (1990 - onwards): Data cover non-institutionalized population in the 10 provinces, i.e. excluding the three Territories. Country: Croatia Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data refer to population with permanent residence irrespective of actual residence and duration. "Education level-not stated" comprises persons with unknown education level as well as persons with no school at all. Country: Croatia Change in definition (2001 - 2013): "Education level-not stated" comprises persons with unknown education level as well as persons with no school at all. Country: Croatia Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981 Country: Croatia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Cyprus Change in definition (1990): Lower secondary level is included in upper secondary level Country: Cyprus Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Country: Cyprus Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1992 Country: Cyprus Data cover only government controlled area Country: Cyprus From 2014, data compiled using ISCED 2011 classification. Country: Cyprus From 2000, persons who have not attended or finished primary education also included in primary education level. Country: Estonia Change in definition (1980 - 2000): Data are from censuses and refer to population aged 25+ Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education. Country: Estonia Change in definition (2001 - 2013): Age group 25+ refers to 25-74, age group 50+ refers to 50-74. Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education. Country: Estonia Change in definition (2012): Data is from census 2011. Data refer to 31.december 2011 Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education. Country: Estonia Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979 Country: Estonia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Country: Finland Data for lower secondary level include primary level. Country: Georgia Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Level of education ?not stated? includes population without education attainment Country: Georgia Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979 Country: Georgia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Country: Germany Data from 1990 to 1998 are classified according to ISCED-76, data from 1999 to 2013 according to ISCED 97, data from 2014 on are classified according to ISCED 2011. Country: Greece Break in methodology (2000): From 2000, data refer to population residing in private households Country: Greece Change in definition (2001 - 2013): "Primary" includes also persons that did not completed ISCED 1 programs Country: Greece Data refer to annual averages. From 2014, estimates use ISCED-2011 classification. Country: Hungary Break in methodlogy (1995): Before 1995, data are from population censuses. From 2000, from Country: Hungary Change in definition (2000 - 2008): Data refer to population aged 25-74. Country: Iceland Break in methodology (2003): Change in data collection procedure. Data classified according to ISCED 2011. Country: Iceland Reference period (1990): 1990 refers to 1991 Country: Ireland From 2000, data refer to age group 25-64. From 2014, data are compiled according to ISCED-2011. As a result data breakdown by education level not fully comparable with previous years. Country: Ireland Reference period (1980): Data refer to1981 Country: Ireland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Ireland Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996 Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2009): Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2012): Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS. Country: Israel From 2012, using ISCED-2011. Totals include population by educational attainment, pre-primary. Country: Italy Break in methodology (2004): Change in data collection procedure. From 2014, data classified by ISCED 2011. Country: Italy Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education Country: Kyrgyzstan Break in methodlogy (2000): Data refer to 1999 Census Country: Kyrgyzstan Break in methodlogy (2009): Data refer to 2009 Census Country: Kyrgyzstan Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Census Country: Latvia Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Population aged 15+. Data for primary level refers to level 0 and 1 of ISCED 1997 classification. Country: Latvia Change in definition (2002 onward): Population 15-74 age group. For 2002-2013, data for primary level refers to level 0 and 1 of ISCED 1997 classification. From 2014, data for primary level refers to level 0 and 1 of ISCED 2011 classification. Country: Latvia Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996 Country: Luxembourg Additional information (1990 - onwards): Data for age group 25+ refer to 25-74. Country: Luxembourg Break in methodlogy (2003): Switch from a face-to-face to a telephone survey Country: Luxembourg Break in methodlogy (2009): Random Digit Dialing has replaced the register-based sampling Country: Luxembourg Change in definition (1990 - 2012): The categroy `Lower secodnary` also includes persons who have at most attained the primary level Country: Luxembourg Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992 Country: Malta Some data not shown due to lack of reliability. Country: Moldova, Republic of Territorial change (2000 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Netherlands Since 2003, ''Primary'' includes also ISCED level 0 (persons who have not successfully completed ISCED 1 programs). Country: Norway Break in methodology (2007): As of 2007, the results of a survey on education completed abroad before immigration to Norway is included. As a result , the proportion of & 39;educational level not stated& 39; was reduced. All data compiled according ISCED 2011. Country: Poland Change in definition (1990 - 2002): Upper secondary level includes lower secondary level. Country: Poland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1988 Country: Portugal Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series. Data from 2014 onward are compiled according to ISCED-2011. Data for ''educational level not stated'' refer to individuals who have not successfully completed ISCED level 1. Country: Romania Break in methodology (2002): Data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results. Starting with year 2014 educational attainment collected according to ISCED 2011. Educational level not stated includes persons without any formal education graduated. Country: Serbia Data for education level not stated include population without education attainment. Country: Slovakia Change in definition (1995): data for total of education levels include only secondary and tertiary levels. Country: Slovakia Change in definition (2001 - 2011): data on primary education according to ISCED 97, level 1 is not available Country: Slovenia From 2014 data are compiled according to ISCED-2011 and persons with ISCED level 0 are excluded. Country: Spain Data are annual averages of the four quarters of the year. From 2014 data are compiled according to ISCED-2011 Country: Sweden Break in methodlogy (2002): Quality improvement and change in classification from ISCED 1976 to ISCED 1997. Country: Sweden Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data refer to population aged 25-74 Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2010): Major changes in data collection procedures (quaterly data instead of annual data). Country: Switzerland Change in definition (1990 - 2001): Lower sedondary education includes primary education Country: Switzerland Change in definition (2002): Change in definition of educational attainment levels Country: Switzerland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Switzerland Since 2014, data are compiled according to ISCED-2011 Country: United States Change in definition (1980): Primary refers to grades 5-8, Lower Secondary refers to grade 9 in High School, no diploma, Upper Secondary refers to High School, college graduate, Tertiary refers to people who have completed Associate& 39;s degree through Doctorate degree, Not stated refers to people who didn& 39;t complete any schooling through 4th grade. Data based on completed schooling years. Country: United States Change in definition (1990 - 2015): Primary refers to grades 5-8, Lower Secondary refers to grade 9 in High School, no diploma, Upper Secondary refers to High School, college graduate, Tertiary refers to people who have completed Associate`s degree through Doctorate degree, Not stated refers to people who did not complete any schooling through 4th grade. Data based on degrees.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (EUROSTAT, OECD, CIS) official sources. Definition:Employment, as referred to the System of National Accounts 1993, covers all persons - both employees and self-employed - engaged in a productive activity that falls within the production boundary of the system. It includes both the residents and the non-residents who work for resident producer units. In case of deviation, the actual definition is provided in the country footnote. Employment data provided in this table generally differ from employment data provided in Gender Statistics, which cover only residents. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series. As a result, absolute figures presented in this table may differ from those published by National Statistical Offices and should be taken with caution. However, the derived growth rates correspond to the originally reported series. Regional aggregates are computed by UNECE secretariat. For more details see the composition of regions note. Country: Albania Employment: end of period. Country: Armenia Employment: LFS - based. Country: Azerbaijan Geographical coverage: excludes Nagorno-Karabakh. Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS - based. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Employment:LFS - based. Country: Croatia Employment: LFS-based. Country: France Geographical Coverage: Data for France include the overseas departments (DOM). Country: Georgia Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: Register-based. Country: Iceland Employment: LFS - based. Country: Israel Employment: LFS-based. Designation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem. Country: Kazakhstan Employment: LFS-based. Country: Kyrgyzstan Employment: LFS - based. Country: Lithuania Employment: LFS-based. Country: Moldova, Republic of Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria. Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS-based. Country: Romania Employment: LFS-based. For the years 1990-2001 UNECE estimates. Country: Russian Federation Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS-based. Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013. Country: Serbia Geographical Coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija. Employment: LFS - based. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Employment: LFS-based. Country: Turkey Employment: Annual breakdowns by activity and quarterly data are LFS-based. Country: Ukraine Employment: LFS-based. Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (EUROSTAT, OECD, CIS) official sources. Definition:Employment, as referred to the System of National Accounts 1993, covers all persons - both employees and self-employed - engaged in a productive activity that falls within the production boundary of the system. It includes both the residents and the non-residents who work for resident producer units. In case of deviation, the actual definition is provided in the country footnote. Employment data provided in this table generally differ from employment data provided in Gender Statistics, which cover only residents. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series. As a result, absolute figures presented in this table may differ from those published by National Statistical Offices and should be taken with caution. However, the derived growth rates correspond to the originally reported series. Regional aggregates are computed by UNECE secretariat. For more details see the composition of regions note.Country: Albania Employment: end of period.Country: Armenia Employment: LFS - based.Country: Azerbaijan Geographical coverage: excludes Nagorno-Karabakh. Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS - based.Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Employment:LFS - based.Country: Croatia Employment: LFS-based.Country: France Geographical Coverage: Data for France include the overseas departments (DOM).Country: Georgia Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: Register-based.Country: Iceland Employment: LFS - based.Country: Israel Employment: LFS-based. Designation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.Country: Kazakhstan Employment: LFS-based.Country: Moldova, Republic of Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria. Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS-based.Country: Romania Employment: LFS-based. For the years 1990-2001 UNECE estimates.Country: Russian Federation Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS-based. Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013.Country: Serbia Geographical Coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija. Employment: LFS - based.Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Employment: LFS-based.Country: Turkey Employment: Annual breakdowns by activity and quarterly data are LFS-based.Country: Ukraine Employment: LFS-based. Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources. Definition: The employed are all the residents above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories: (a) paid employment: (a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind; (a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job; (b) self-employment: (b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind; (b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason. For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS). Part-time/full-time: A part-time worker is an employed person whose normal hours of work are less than those of comparable full-time workers. In most countries, the distinction between part-time and full-time work is based on self-declaration. In a few countries, work is defined as part-time when the hours usually worked are below a fixed threshold. Data for EU-27, Croatia, Iceland, Norway, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey from the year 2008 corresponds to the NACE rev 2, before 2008 data is according to the NACE rev1.1. General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above. .. - data not available Country: Albania 2007-2012: Part-time worker refers to an employed person whose usual hours of work are less than 35 hours/week. Country: Albania 2013-2015: Distinction between part-time and full-time workers is based on worker self-identification. Country: Armenia Break in methodlogy (2008): 2007 data refer to population aged 16-75. Since 2008 data refer to population aged 15-75. Break in methodlogy (2014): From 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards. Since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey. Country: Belarus 2014: changes in methodology Country: France Since 2014 data include also the French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, La Reunion) with the exception of Mayotte. Country: Georgia Territorial change (2002 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf Country: Israel Change in definition (1980): Data refers to population 14+. Country: Israel Change in definition (2005): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Russian Federation Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years. Underemployment - the person who work less than 30 hours in the surveyed week Country: Russian Federation Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992 Country: Russian Federation Territorial change (1990 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Country: Ukraine Data do not cover the persons who are still living in the area of Chernobyl contaminated with radioactive material. Data do not cover the persons who are living in institutions and those who are working in the army. Data refer to the population aged 15-70.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and ILO) official sources. Definition: The employed are all the persons above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories: (a) paid employment: (a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind; (a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job; (b) self-employment: (b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind; (b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason. For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS). The occupation groups correspond to first-level categories in the 2008 version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). For the EU and EFTA member-states the year of transition to ISCO-08 is 2011, for other countries please see Country footnotes. The level of education is the highest level successfully completed in the educational system of the country where the education is received. The levels are defined with reference to the International Standard Classifications of Education ISCED 1997 and ISCED 2011. For the EU and EFTA member-states the levels of education are classified according to ISCED 2011 from 2014. For other countries please see Country footnotes. The transition from ISCO-88 to ISCO-08 and from ISCED 1997 to ISCED 2011 could entail a break in time series. General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above. .. - data not available Country: Armenia Data for 2001 are from Population Census. Since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey. Country: Azerbaijan Data compiled according to ISCO-08. Country: Belarus Break in methodlogy (2000): Data refer to 1999 Population Census. Measurement: Employment (thousands) , Country: Belarus Data compiled according to ISCO-88 Measurement: Percent of corresponding total of both sexes , Country: Belarus Data compiled according to ISCO-88 Measurement: Employment (thousands) , Country: Belarus Parts by education level may not add up due to the persons who did not indicate their levels of education Measurement: Percent of corresponding total of both sexes , Country: Belarus Parts by education level may not add up due to the persons who did not indicate their levels of education Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina From 2006 to 2014 data compiled using ISCED 97, from 2015 using ISCED 11. Country: Canada Change in definition (1990 onwards): Data are annual averages. Cells with 0 are estimates with less than 1,500 employed. Country: Canada Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk ) Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2012):1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf Country: Israel Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Changes in the questionnaire (Highest Diploma Received, Discouraged Workers, Employees hired through employment agencies or employment contractors); See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_e_changes.pdf Country: Israel Change in definition (2013): Changes in the Standard Classification of Occupations based on ISCO-08; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications12/occupations_class11/pd--f/draft_h.pdf (draft, Hebrew only) Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Russian Federation Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years Country: Russian Federation Territorial change (2000 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. From 2013 data compiled according to ISCO-08. Country: Turkey Break in series (2014): Since 2014 series are not comparable with the previous years due to methodological changes in LFS. Country: Turkey Break in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections. Country: Turkey Until 2012, all occupations were coded according to ISCO-88. Since 2013, all occupations have been coded according to ISCO-08. Country: Ukraine Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Distribution by institutional sectors of the economy based on the assessment carried out in accordance with the National Classification of Occupations developed on the basis of ISCO 88. Country: Ukraine Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster. Country: United States Data for occupation refer to population 15+ and who have worked in the past 5 years. Data do not cover the armed forces. Occupation is classified according to the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) 2000 manual (www.bls.gov/soc). For individuals with two or more jobs, data refer to the job having the greatest number of hours. For unemployed persons and persons who are not currently employed but report having a job within the last five years, data refer to their last job.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and ILO) official sources. Definition: The employed are all the residents above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories: (a) paid employment: (a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind; (a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job; (b) self-employment: (b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind; (b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason. For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS). The occupation groups correspond to first-level categories in the 2008 version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). For the EU and EFTA member-states the year of transition from ISCO-88 to ISCO-08 is 2011. For other countries please see Country footnotes. The transition to ISCO-08 could entail a break in time series. General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above. .. - data not availableCountry: AlbaniaFrom 2010 occupational groups according to ISCO-08.Country: Armenia Break in methodlogy (2014): since 2014 data refer to the population aged 15-75 and are based on the Labour Force Survey.2001: data come from Population Census.Country: AzerbaijanData compiled according to ISCO-08.Country: Azerbaijan Data are based on administrative registers.Country: BelarusData compiled according to ISCO-88Country: Belarus 2000 : data refer to 1999 and come from Population Census.Country: Belgium 1980 : data refer to 1983.Country: Bosnia and HerzegovinaFrom year 2006 to 2010 data compiling using ISCO 88, from 2011 using ISCO 08.Country: Bulgaria 1995 : data refer to 1997.Country: CanadaChange in definition (1990 onwards): Data are annual averages. Cells with 0 are estimates with less than 1,500 employed.Country: CanadaData do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk )Country: Cyprus Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: Estonia 1990 and 1995 : data refer to the population aged 15-69. From 2000 : data refer to the population aged 15-74.Country: Finland Data refer to the population aged 15-74.Country: France Since 2014, data include also the French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, La Reunion), with the exception of Mayotte.Country: Georgia Data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).Country: Germany 1980 : data refer to 1983.Country: Iceland Data refer to the population aged 16-74. 1990 : data refer to 1991.Country: IsraelBreak in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdfCountry: IsraelBreak in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.fCountry: IsraelBreak in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdfCountry: IsraelBreak in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdfCountry: IsraelChange in definition (2000 - 2012): Changes in the questionnaire (Highest Diploma Received, Discouraged Workers, Employees hired through employment agencies or employment contractors); See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_e_changes.pdfCountry: IsraelChange in definition (2013): Changes in the Standard Classification of Occupations based on ISCO-08; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications12/occupations_class11/pd--f/draft_h.pdf (draft, Hebrew only)Country: KyrgyzstanUp to 2015 ISCO-88 has been usedCountry: Latvia 1995 : data refer to 1996.Country: Lithuania 1995 : data refer to 1997.Country: Moldova, Republic ofData exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of BenderCountry: Portugal 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: Russian FederationChange in definition (2000 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 yearsCountry: Russian FederationTerritorial change (1995 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen RepublicCountry: SerbiaData do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Starting in 2013 data compiled according ISCO-08.Country: Slovakia 1995 : the persons working in the armed forces are counted in the other groups.Country: Sweden Data refer to the population aged 16-64.Country: Switzerland 1990 : data refer to 1991.Country: UkraineChange in definition (2000 - 2012): Distribution by institutional sectors of the economy based on the assessment carried out in accordance with the National Classification of Occupations developed on the basis of ISCO 88.Country: UkraineTerritorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.Country: United Kingdom Data refer to the population aged 16+.Country: United States Data refer to the population aged 16+. Data do not cover the armed forces. Occupation groups : 'Professionals' includes 'Technicians and associate professionals'; 'Craft and related workers' includes 'Plant machine operators and assemblers'.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and ILO) official sources. Definition: The status of employment is defined with reference to the distinction between 'paid employment' and 'self-employment' jobs. Workers holding paid-employment jobs have explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration which is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Self-employment jobs are jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced. Employees are all the workers who hold paid employment jobs. Employers are workers who hold self-employment jobs and have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them in their business as employees. Own-account workers are workers who hold self-employment jobs and have not engaged, on a continuous basis, any employees to work for them during the reference period. Members of producers cooperatives are workers who hold self-employment jobs in a cooperative producing goods and services, in which each member takes part on an equal footing with other members in determining the organisation of production, sales and/or other work of the establishment, the investments and the distribution of the proceeds of the establishment amongst their members. Family workers are workers who hold self-employment jobs in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household. For additional information, see the International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-93). General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above. .. - data not available Country: Austria 1980-1990 : data refer to national definition (Life Subsistence Concept). 1980 : data on employers include own-account workers and family workers. 1990 : data on employers include own-account workers. Country: Azerbaijan Data are based on Population Census and administrative registers. Country: Belarus Break in methodlogy (2000): Data refer to 1999 Population Census. Country: Belarus 2009: data are from the Population Census. Parts do not equal the totals due to employed persons not indicated their status in employment. Country: Belgium 1980 : data refer to 1983. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Estimates for family workers are less reliable in 2014-2015. Country: Bulgaria 1990 : data refer to 1993. Data on own-account workers include members of producers cooperatives. Country: Croatia 1995 : data refer to 1996. Country: Cyprus Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. 1990 : data refer to 1992. Country: Czechia From 2002 : data on own-account workers include members of producers cooperatives. Country: Denmark 1980 : data refer to 1983; data on employers include own-account workers. Country: Estonia Data on employers and own-account workers include members of producers cooperatives. 1990-1995 : data refer to the population aged 15-69. From 2000 : data refer to the population aged 15-74. Country: Finland 1980-1995 : data on employers include own-account workers. Country: France Data do not cover overseas departments (DOM). 1980 : data refer to 1983. Country: Germany 1980 : data refer to 1983. Country: Greece 1980 : data refer to 1983. Country: Iceland 1990 : data refer to 1991. Country: Ireland 1980 : data refer to 1983. Country: Israel 1990: data refer to 1992. 1998, 2001: methodology revised, data not strictly comparable. Country: Latvia 1995 : data refer to 1996. Country: Lithuania 1995 : data refer to 1997. Data on employers include own-account workers. Country: Netherlands 1980 : data refer to 1983. 1980-2001 : data on employers include own-account workers and members of producers cooperatives. Country: Norway 1980-2001 : data on employers include own-account workers and members of producers cooperatives. Country: Poland 1990 : data refer to 1992. Country: Romania 1995: data refer to population aged 14+. Country: Russian Federation Data refer to population aged 15-72. Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Spain Data refer to population aged 16+. 2005: methodology revised, data not strictly comparable. Country: Switzerland 1990 : data refer to 1991. Country: Turkey 2000: data revision based on Population Census 2000 Country: Ukraine Data do not cover the persons who are still living in the area of Chernobyl contaminated with radioactive material. Data do not cover the persons who are living in institutions and those who are working in the army. Data refer to the population aged 15-70. Country: United Kingdom 1980 : data refer to 1983. Country: United States Data on employers include own-account workers. Data refer to population aged 16+. 1994: methodology revised, data not strictly comparable

Source: UNECE Statististical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources. Definition: The employment rate is the share of employed persons in the population of the corresponding sex and age group. Marital status is defined as the legal conjugal status of each individual in relation to the marriage laws or customs of the country. The following classification is used: - Never married (single), - Married, - Widowed (and not remarried), - Divorced (and not remarried). In some countries the legal status of separated also exists and persons of this group are included here in the group of married. General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. .. - data not available Country: Armenia 2007 data refer to population aged 16-75. Break in methodlogy: since 2008 data refer to population aged 15-75.From 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards.Break in methodlogy: since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey. Country: Austria Break in methodology (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Estimates for the age group 65+ are less reliable for 2015. Country: Canada Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk ) Country: Georgia Change in definition (2008 onward): Unknown marital status refers to non-registered marriage Country: Georgia Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf Country: Israel Married persons include Married but living apart; From 2005, 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Moldova, Republic of Significance (2000 - 2012): Category "married" includes the persons who are not officially registered their marriage, but live together Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Russian Federation Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years Country: Russian Federation Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992 Country: Russian Federation Territorial change (1990 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Turkey Break in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections. Country: Turkey Break in series (2014): Since 2014 series are not comparable with the previous years due to methodological changes in LFS. Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Country: Ukraine Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Determining the level of employment corresponds to the definition given above. Country: Ukraine Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster. Country: United States Age group 15+ refers to 16+; age group 15-24 refers to 16-24; age group 25-49 refers to 25-54 and age group 50-64 refers to 55-64.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition: The employment rate is the share of employed persons aged 25 to 49 in the population of the corresponding sex and age group. Data are reported according to the age of the youngest child living in the household. Children living outside the household are not considered. General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. .. - data not available Country: Austria Break in methodlogy (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure. Country: Austria Change in definition (1980): Data refer to the livelihood concept Country: Austria Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1984 Country: Belarus Data refer to age groups 0-2, 3-6, 7-14, 15-17. Country: Belgium Change in definition (2005 - 2015): A child is considered as a person below 17 who lives in the household whatever the relation to the reference person may be. Country: Croatia Data given for 2013 onwards are calibrated according to the results of the Census 2011 and are not fully comparable with data given for previous years. Country: Finland Only children under the age of 18 are considered. The age group 6-16 refers to 6-17, no child refers to no child under 18. Country: France Reference area: Metropolitan France Country: Germany Break in methodlogy (2005): Until 2004, data refer to one reporting week. From 2005 data are annual average figures. Country: Greece Data refer to annual averages. Country: Ireland Data refer to 2nd quarter of each year. Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf Country: Israel Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Data refer to age groups 0-1 instead of 0-2; 2-4 instead of 3-5 . Country: Israel Change in definition (2005): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Italy Break in methodlogy (2004): From 2004, there is a break in series due to change in survey and data collection procedure (continuous survey). Country: Latvia Change in definition (2002 - 2012): Age 17+& 39; refer to the population aged 17-18. No child& 39; refer to data on no child or age of the youngest child 19+. Country: Luxembourg Reference period (1980): Reference year 1983 Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Poland Data are not fully comparable with the results of the surveys prior to 2010 as persons staying outside households for 12 months or longer are excluded from the survey (previously over 3 months). Country: Portugal Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series. Country: Romania Break in methodology (2002): Due to the revision of the definitions and the coverage, the data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. Break in series starting with year 2013. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results. Country: Romania Reference period (1995): Data for 1995 refers to March 1995 Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2010): Change to continuous survey. As of 2010: annual averages Country: Switzerland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Data refer to 2nd quarter Country: Switzerland Reference period (1995 - 2009): Data refer to 2nd quarter Country: Switzerland Territorial change (1980 - 1990): In 1980, Federal Population Census: resident population. From 1990 and onwards, Labour Force Survey: permanent resident population

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition: The employment rate is the share of employed persons aged 25-49 in the population of the corresponding sex and age group. Data are reported according to the number of children under the age of 17. Children living outside the household are not considered. General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Country: Austria Break in methodlogy (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure. Country: Austria Change in definition (1980): Data refer to the livelihood concept Country: Austria Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1984 Country: Belarus The number of children under the age of 15 is considered. Country: Belgium Change in definition (2003 - 2015): A child is considered as a person below 17 who lives in the household whatever the relation to the reference person may be. Country: Croatia Data given for 2013 onwards are calibrated according to the results of the Census 2011 and are not fully comparable with data given for previous years. Country: Finland The number of children under the age of 18 is considered. Country: France Reference area: Metropolitan France Country: Germany Break in methodlogy (2005): Until 2004, data refer to one reporting week. From 2005 data are annual average figures. Country: Greece Data refer to annual averages. Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf Country: Israel Change in definition (2005): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Italy Break in methodlogy (2004): From 2004, there is a break in series due to change in survey and data collection procedure (continuous survey). Country: Luxembourg Reference period (1980): Reference year 1983 Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Poland Data are not fully comparable with the results of the surveys prior to 2010 as persons staying outside households for 12 months or longer are excluded from the survey (previously over 3 months). Country: Portugal Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series. Country: Romania Break in methodology (2002): Due to the revision of the definitions and the coverage, the data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. Break in series starting with year 2013. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results. Country: Romania Reference period (1995): Data for 1995 refers to March 1995 Country: Russian Federation Change in definition (2009 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2010): Change to continuous survey. As of 2010: annual averages Country: Switzerland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Data refer to 2nd quarter Country: Switzerland Reference period (1995 - 2009): Data refer to 2nd quarter Country: Switzerland Territorial change (1980 - 1990): In 1980, Federal Population Census: resident population. From 1990 and onwards, Labour Force Survey: permanent resident population

UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (UNESCO Institute for Statistics) official sources. The net enrollment ratio is the number of students of the official school-age group (defined by each country) enrolled in secondary-level education per 100 persons of the same age group. The gross enrollment ratio is the number of students enrolled in secondary level education (regardless of their age) per 100 persons of the official school-age group corresponding to secondary-level education. The secondary level consists of lower and upper secondary levels of ISCED 2011. .. - data not availableMeasurement: Gross enrollment ratio , Country: ArmeniaSince the school year 2013-2014, the data have been compiled according ISCED 2011.Country: AustriaChange in definition (1995 - 2012): NER: data include ISCED level 4 programmes and refer to official school age group assumed to be 10-17 years.Country: AustriaBreak in series (2013): From school year 2013-2014 onwards use of ISCED 2011.Country: BulgariaNER data refer to students aged 11-20 and include a small number of ISCED level 4 students aged 19 to 20.Country: CroatiaNER data refer to students aged 11-18.Country: CyprusData cover only government controlled area. Data refer to level 3 of ISCED 1997 only. 1980/1981, 1990/1991, 1995/1996: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification. 2000/2001: data refer to 1999/2000.Country: CzechiaChange in definition (1995 - 2012): Data refer to full-time study only and exclude part-time studyCountry: EstoniaNER data refer to students aged 13-17.Country: Finland 1990/1991: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification.Country: GeorgiaData refer to beginning of the school year.Country: Germany Data cover the territory of Germany after reunification. 1980/1981, 1990/1991, 1995/1996: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification. For school years 2000/2001 - 2013/2014: data refer to ISCED 1997 classification. Data on students refer to beginning of the school year and data on population refer to beginning of the calendar year.Country: Hungary2000/2001: data refer to 1999/2000. NER data refer to students aged 14-17. Data refer to levels 3 and 4 of ISCED classification.Country: Iceland1980/1981-1995/1996: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification.Country: Ireland 1995/1996: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification. From 2000/2001: data refer to levels 2,3 and 4 of ISCED 1997 classification. Data refer to students aged 11-19.Country: IsraelData refer to level 3 of ISCED classification. 2000/2001: data exclude students registered in Ministry of Religious Affairs.Country: ItalyData refer to level 3 of ISCED classification and refer to the school year.Country: LatviaBreak in methodology (2006): Changes in national education classification. Started from school year 2006/2007 level 2 includes grades 1-6, level 3 includes grades 7-12.Country: LithuaniaData refer to 1 January of the school year. NER data refer to students aged 11-18.Country: Moldova, Republic ofAdditional information (2006 - 2012): Stable population used during the enrollment rates calculation, because the actual population does not reflect the real situation of migration.Country: Moldova, Republic ofChange in definition (1990 - 2005): Data refer to age group 11-17 years.Country: Moldova, Republic ofChange in definition (2006 - 2012): Data refer to age group 11-18 years.Country: MontenegroData refer to level 3 of ISCED classification.Country: Netherlands1990/1991: data do not include special secondary education.Country: PolandData refer to level 3 of ISCED 1997.Country: RomaniaData refer to 1 July of the school year.Country: SerbiaTerritorial change (2003 - 2012): The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has no available data on the AP Kosovo and Metohija.Country: SloveniaData refer to 15 September of the school year.Country: Spain2000/2001: data refer to 1999/2000. 1990/1991: NER data refer to students aged 11-18. From 1995: NER data refer to students aged 12-18. Data refer to October - September of the school year.Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaBreak in methodology (2010): From 2010/2011 implementation of the Law on Primary and Lower Secondary educationCountry: TurkeyChange in definition (2000 onwards): From 1997/1998: compulsory education was expanded to 8 years by law.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires. Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management. Country: Russian Federation The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources. Definition: Data on first marriages are numbers of men and women who were married for the first time during the year, by age at last birthday. General note: Data come from registers, unless otherwise specified. .. - data not availableCountry: AlbaniaReference period (2007-2015): The data are for the total number of marriages not for the firstCountry: AlbaniaReference period (2007-2015): The data for the 15-19 age group refer to under 19Country: BelgiumChange in definition (2000-2015): both spouses are single before the marriage. In the preceding table, each spouse was selected separetely.Country: BelgiumSince 2003, marriages between persons of the same sex are included.Country: Cyprus Data cover only government controlled area.Country: GeorgiaTerritorial change (1995 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali RegionCountry: Germany From 3 October 1990: data refer to the Federal Republic within its frontiers.Country: KazakhstanChange in definition (1995 - 2008): Age group 0-14 refers to age less than 18; age group 15-19 refers to 18-19.Country: Malta From 2001: data include foreign residents.Country: Moldova, Republic ofAge group 15-19 includes married at the age under 16 and 16-19.Country: Moldova, Republic ofTerritorial change (2000 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of BenderCountry: Russian FederationAdditional information (2011 - 2012): Age group 15-19 includes married at age less than 15Country: SerbiaFrom 1998: data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.Country: TajikistanData refer to registered marriages.Country: TurkeyChange in definition (2002 - 2012): Age group 15 - 19 refers to 16-19.Measurement: Percent of corresponding total for all ages , Country: UkraineChange in definition (1980 - 1995): Age group 0-14 refers to age less than 18; age group 15-19 refers to 18-19.Measurement: Percent of corresponding total for all ages , Country: UkraineChange in definition (2000 - 2006): Age group 0-14 refers to age less than 16; age group 15-19 refers to 16-19.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires. Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management. Country: Russian Federation The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires. Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management. Country: Russian Federation The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires. Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management. Country: Russian Federation The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires. Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management. Country: Russian Federation The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires. Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management. Country: Russian Federation The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series. The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993). Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive. Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components. Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note. Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.Country/Region: IsraelDesignation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series. The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993). Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive. Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components. Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note. Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. .. - data not available Country: Albania Currency: Albanian lek (ALL). Country: Armenia Currency: Armenian dram (AMD), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:200 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Austria Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Austrian Schilling (ATS); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 13.7603 ATS/€. Country: Azerbaijan Currency: New Azerbaijanian manat (AZN), in 2006 replaced old manat (AZM) at 1:5000. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Belarus Currency: Belarusian rouble (BYR) redenominated at 1:10 in 1994, at 1:1000 in 2000, and again 1:10000 in July 2016. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Belgium Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Belgian Franc (BEF); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 40.3399 BEF/€. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Currency: Bosnia and Herzegovina, convertible marka (BAM). Geographical coverage: GDP and population cover the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska. Country: Bulgaria Currency : Bulgarian leva (BGN), redenominated at 1:1000 in 1999. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Canada Currency: Canadian dollar (CAD). Country: Croatia Currency: Croatian kuna (HRK), replaced the Croat dinar at 1:1000 in 1994. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Cyprus Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2008 - Cypriot pound (CYP); historical data converted into €. Country: Czechia Currency : Czech koruna (CZK). Country: Denmark Currency : Danish krone (DKK). Country: Estonia Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2011 - Estonian kroon (EEK), replaced the Soviet rouble in 1992 with a peg to the deutsche mark (8:1). Data are converted to the latest currency. Country: Finland Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Finnish markka (FIM); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 5.94573 FIM/€. Country: France Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - French franc (FRF); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 6.55957 FRF/€. Country: Georgia Currency: Georgian lari (GEL), replaced the lari-kupon at 1: 1000000 in 1995. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Geographical coverage: from 1993, excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Country: Germany Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Deutsche Mark (DEM); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1.95583 DEM/€. Geographical coverage: The statistics for Germany refer to Germany after unification. Official data for Germany after unification are available only from 1991 onwards. Country: Greece Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2001 - Greek Drachma (GRD); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 340.75 GRD/€. Country: Hungary Currency : Hungarian forint (HUF). Country: Iceland Currency: Iceland krona (ISK). Country: Ireland Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Irish Punt (IEP); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 0.787564 IEP/€. Country: Israel Designation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem. Country: Israel Currency: New shekel (ILS). Geographical coverage: Designation and data provided by Israel.The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem. Country: Italy Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Italian Lira (ITL); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1936.27 ITL/€. Country: Kazakhstan Currency: Kazakh tenge (KZT), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:500 in 1992. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Kyrgyzstan Currency: Kyrgyz som (KGS). Country: Latvia Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2014 - Latvian lat (LVL), replaced Latvian rouble at 1:200 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency unit. Country: Lithuania Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2015 - Lithuanian litas (LTL). All data are expressed in the latest currency unit. Country: Luxembourg Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Luxembourg Franc (LUF); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 40.3399 LUF/€. Country: Malta Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2008 - Maltese lira (MTL); historical data converted into euro. Country: Moldova, Republic of Currency: Moldovan leu (MDL). Geographical coverage: from 1993, excludes Transnistria. Country: Montenegro Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2001 - Deutsche Mark (DEM); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1.95583 DEM/€. Country: Netherlands Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Dutch Guilder (NLG); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 2.20371 NLG/€. Country: Norway Currency: Norvegian krone (NOK). Country: Poland Currency : Polish zloty (PLZ), redenominated at 1:10000 in 1995. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Portugal Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Portuguese Escudo (PTE); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 200.482 PTE/€. Country: Romania Currency: New Romanian leu (RON). Country: Russian Federation Currency: Russian rouble (RUB), redenominated at 1:1000 in 1998. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013. Country: Serbia Currency : Serbian Dinar (RSD). Geographical coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Slovakia Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2008 - Slovak koruna (SKK). Data are converted to the latest currency. Country: Slovenia Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2007 - Slovenian tolar (SIT); historical data converted at fixed conversion rate of 239,640 SIT/€. Country: Spain Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Spanish Peseta (ESP); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 166.386 ESP/€. Country: Sweden Currency : Swedish krona (SEK). Country: Switzerland Currency: Swiss franc (CHF). Country: Tajikistan Currency : Tajik somoni (TJS), replaced the Tajik rouble at 1:1000 in 2000. The Tajik rouble replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:100 in 1994. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Currency : Macedonian denar (MKD), replaced the Yugoslav dinar at 1:1 in 1992, redenominated at 1:100 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Turkey Currency : Turkish lira (TRL). Country: Turkmenistan Currency : Turkmen manat (TMM), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:500 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Ukraine Currency : Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH), replaced the former karbovanets at 1:100000 in 1996. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine. Country: United Kingdom Currency: British pound (GBP). Country: United States Currency: United States dollar (USD). Country: Uzbekistan Currency: Uzbekistani sum (UZS), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:1000 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international official sources. For footnotes on Total population, in persons: click here For footnotes on Population aged 65+ as percentage of total population: click here For footnotes on Total fertility rate: click here For footnotes on Life expectancy at birth: click here For footnotes on Life expectancy at age 65: click here For footnotes on Mean age at first marriage: click here For footnotes on Economic activity rate: click here For footnotes on Proportion of workers in a managerial position: click here For footnotes on Gender pay gap as difference in monthly earnings: click here For footnotes on Long term unemployment rate:click here For footnotes on Proportion among population aged 25-49 with tertiary educational attainment:click here For footnotes on Tertiary students, percent of both sexes:click here For footnotes on Members of national parliament, percent of both sexes:click here For footnotes on Senior civil servants, percent of both sexes:click here For footnotes on Time spent by employed persons on free time activities:click here For footnotes on Employment rate of persons aged 25-49 with children under 3:click here For footnotes on Researchers, percent of both sexes:click here For footnotes on Victims of serious assaults, percent of both sexes:click here .. - data not available

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources. Indicators that base on OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators are indicated (OECD). General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series. The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) – e.g. EU member countries, United States, Canada, Ukraine - or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993). Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. .. - data not available Indicator: Domestic final demand met by total imports, % Indicator measures the share of total domestic final demand (the difference between GDP and net exports) met by imports. Sometimes it is referred to as an import penetration rate. It should be noted that small economies or those rich in mineral resources may be specialized in their production, and so import higher proportions of other goods. In addition, the size of service sector is likely to affect this relationship. [ ( imports / ( final consumption expenditure + gross capital formation ) ) * 100 ] Indicator: Export performance, percentage points Export performance measures the difference between the annual growth rate of exports of a country and the growth rate of imports to the country from the rest of the world. A result above zero level indicates a faster growth of exports compared to the growth of imports during the reference period. [ ( exports (t) / exports (t-1) ) – ( imports (t) / imports (t-1) ) * 100 ] Indicator: Export performance, value in millions of US $, in constant prices of comon base year Export performance measures the difference between the annual growth of exports of a country and the growth of imports to the country from the rest of the world. A result indicates a relation of growth of exports compared to the growth of imports during the reference period in millions of US dollars. [ ( ( exports (t) - exports (t-1) ) – ( ( imports (t) - imports (t-1) ) ) ] Indicator: Growth rate of exports, % Growth rate of exports is an indicator of the annual growth or decline of exports from the previous year. [ ( exports (t) / exports (t-1) ) * 100 ] Indicator: Growth rate of imports, % Growth rate of imports is an indicator of the annual growth or decline of imports from the previous year. [ ( imports (t) / imports (t-1) ) * 100 ] Indicator: Growth rate of total trade, % Growth rate of total trade describes either annual growth or decline of the volume of international trade from the previous year. [ ( exports + imports ) (t) / ( exports + imports ) (t-1) ) * 100 ] Indicator: Import coverage by exports, % Indicator shows whether or not a country’s imports are fully covered for by exports. The results describe how many per cent of imports are covered by exports. [ ( exports / imports ) * 100 ] Indicator: Total exports to GDP, % Total exports in GDP show the dependence of domestic producers on foreign markets. It may provide a better indicator of vulnerability to some types of external shocks than total trade in GDP, thus, it is one of the most frequently used globalization indicators. This ratio may indicate the intensity of a country’s trade. In the case of some countries, it may not show significant growth if, during the reference period, services that are not traded internationally and are included in GDP grow more rapidly than exports. Furthermore, larger economies tend to show lower export to GDP ratios because the larger domestic demand. [ ( exports / GDP ) * 100 ] Indicator: Total trade per capita, value in thousands of US $, current prices Total trade per capita measures the relative importance of international trade against the size of the country in terms of population. It is a very concrete measure of the value of international trade per person. [ ( absolute values of imports + exports ) / population ] Indicator: Total trade to GDP, % Total trade (the sum of exports and imports) as a share of GDP measures the dependence on foreign markets and intermediate inputs and, on the other hand, the importance of international trade in the country. It may give indications of the degree to which an economy is open to trade, but should be interpreted with care. This indicator may be called a trade dependence or openness indicator. [ ( (exports + imports ) / GDP ) * 100 ] Indicator: Trade balance to GDP, % Trade balance to GDP highlights the countries with major surplus or deficit in the reference period in relation to the size of their economies. [ ( ( exports - imports ) / GDP ) * 100 ] Indicator: Trade balance to total trade, % Indicator measures international transactions of the country with the rest of the world normalised against its own total trade. This indicator is sometimes also called the normalized trade balance. [ ( ( exports - imports ) / ( exports + imports ) ) * 100 ] Indicator: Trade balance, value in millions of US $, current prices Trade balance shows the difference between exports and imports (surplus / deficit). This conventional measure reflects a country’s performance in international markets in terms of the net value of goods and services transactions between the country and the rest of the world. [ ( exports - imports ) ]

Country: Belarus ''Lorries'' includes road tractors. ''Trailers'' includes semi-trailers. ''Light goods road vehicles'' include lorries. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina ''Light goods road vehicles'' include ''Road tractors''. ''Trailers'' include ''Semi-trailers''. Country: Bulgaria Light goods road vehicles refer to all lorries. Country: Croatia For data prior to 2015, refers to all lorries Country: Cyprus Light goods road vehicles refers to load capacity up to 2,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum gross weight 3,501 kg - 7,500 kg refers to load capacity 3,000 kg - 6,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum gross weight 7,501 kg - 12,000 kg refers to load capacity 7,000 kg - 9,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum gross weight 12,001 kg - 40,000 kg refers to load capacity 10,000 kg - 19,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum gross weight 40,000 kg and over refers to load capacity 20,000 kg and over. Country: Czechia Lorries with load capacity 12 001 kg - 40 000 kg refers to greater than 12 000 kg. Country: Estonia ''Trailers'' include semi-trailers. Country: France ''Trailers'' includes only trailers with authorized total weight > = 6 tons. Country: Hungary ''Lorries'' includes special purpose motor vehicles. From 2013, trailers includes semi-trailers and caravans. Country: Latvia Data from 2010 onward reflect changes in rules regarding the removal of vehicles from the register. As a result, data before this year are not comparable with more recent data. Country: Lithuania The state enterprise Regitra of the Republic of Lithuania deregistered vehicles whose compulsory technical inspection or vehicle owner's compulsory civil liability insurance expired by 1 July 2014. Country: Poland Semi-trailers with permissible maximum gross weight 30 001 kg - 40 000 kg refers to permissible maximum gross weight > 30 000 kg. Trailers with permissible maximum gross weight 751 kg - 3 500 kg refers to permissible maximum gross weight up to 3 500 kg. Country: Romania Semi-trailers with permissible maximum gross weight up to 20 000 kg refers to permissible maximum gross weight up to 9 999 kg. Semi-trailers with permissible maximum gross weight 20 001 kg - 30 000 kg refers to permissible maximum gross weight 10 000 kg - 14 999 kg. Trailers with permissible maximum gross weight up to 750 kg refers to permissible maximum gross weight up to 4 999 kg. Trailers with permissible maximum gross weight 751 kg - 3 500 kg refers to permissible maximum gross weight 5 000 kg - 9 999 kg Country: Serbia Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Trailers includes semi trailers. Country: Slovakia ''Semi-trailers'' includes trailers, 2000-2014. Light goods road vehicles includes all lorries. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Semi-trailers refer to semi-trailers and trailers through 2010. From 2011 onward, trailers refer to semi-trailers and trailers. Country: United Kingdom Data refer to Great Britain. Country: United States Lorries refers to U.S. categories ''Single Unit'' and ''Combination Trucks'' Vehicle Category: Light goods road vehicles (vehicle wt up to 3500 kg) For data prior to 2013, refers to all lorries.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition: A ministry is a department of a government, led by a minister. A minister (sometimes called a secretary) is a politician who holds significant public office in a national cabinet and is entrusted with the management of a division of governmental activities. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. .. - data not available Country: Austria 1980: data refer to 1979. 1995: data refer to 1994. Country: Belarus Change in definition (2001 - 2015): Data include ministers, chairmen of state committees subordinated to the Government of the Republic of Belarus. Country: Belgium 2011: data refer to december 2011. Country: Cyprus Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979. Country: Cyprus Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1994. Country: Cyprus Territorial change (1980 - 2013): Government controlled area only. Country: Estonia 2015: Data refers to composition after September 14, 2015. 2014: Data refers to composition between November 17, 2014 to April 9, 2015. Country: Georgia 1980: data refer to 1979. 1995: data refer to 1994. Country: Israel Additional information (2013): 2013 data - starting from 18/3/2013 Country: Israel Reference period (1990): data refer to average from 1988-1990 Country: Israel Reference period (1995): data refer to average from 1992-1995 Country: Israel Reference period (2000): data refer to average from 1999-2001. Country: Moldova, Republic of Additional information (1980): Data include the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Moldova, Republic of Additional information (1990): Data include the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Moldova, Republic of Additional information (1995 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Russian Federation Reference period (2000 - 2013): Data refer to the situation as of 1st of January of the following year. Country: Slovakia Data for 2014 refer to 15 March. Data for 2015 refer to 20 November.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and OECD) official sources. Definition: Graduates from an ISCED level are individuals who entered and successfully completed an education programme which is classified as ‘level completion’. A new version of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 2011) was adopted in 2011 by experts on Education Statistics. According to ISCED-11, the graduates refer to those who successfully completed levels 6, 7 or 8 of tertiary education. Programmes at ISCED-11 level 6, or Bachelor’s or equivalent level, are often designed to provide participants with intermediate academic and/or professional knowledge, skills and competencies, leading to a first university degree or equivalent qualification. Programmes at ISCED-11 level 7, or Master’s or equivalent level, provide participants with advanced academic and/or professional knowledge, skills and competencies, leading to a second degree or equivalent qualification. Such programmes may have a substantial research component but do not yet lead to the award of an advanced research qualification. Level 8 in ISCED-11, or doctoral or equivalent level, is reserved for tertiary programmes leading to the award of an advanced research qualification. According to ISCED-97 (previously in use), the ‘level completion’ programmes include levels 5A and 6. ISCED-97 level 5A corresponds to tertiary programmes that are largely theoretically based and are intended to provide sufficient qualifications for gaining entry into advanced research programmes and professions with high skill requirements. However, these programmes do not necessary distinguish between a first and second academic degree. Level 6 in ISCED-97 corresponds to level 8 in ISCED-11. For most countries the data on graduates in this table are shown according to ISCED-97 up to 2012 and according to ISCED-11 from 2013. However, for some countries the data were recalculated by the National Statistical Organizations according to ISCED-11 for earlier periods and provided both for ISCED-11 and ISCED-97 . In these particular cases, the sum of graduates at ISCED-11 levels 6 and 7 equals graduates at ISCED-97 level 5A, and, to avoid duplication, the data for every year are shown according to ISCED-11 only. Differences between ISCED-11 and ISCED-97 may affect time series data for some countries and result in breaks in series. With some exceptions, data on graduates refer to the calendar year. General note:The joint UOE (UNESCO-UIS, OECD, EUROSTAT) 2005 data collection on graduates by fields of education and training was changed to include graduates who were awarded more than one degree in different fields (not within the same field). In previous years, these graduates were reported only once and pro-rated over the fields. This change affected data in very few countries as multiple graduations in different fields for the same reference year are negligible in most countries. .. - data not available Country: Albania Advanced research programmes do not exist. Country: Armenia The transition to ISCED-2011 is from 2013-2014 school year. From 2012 backwards, the data have been recalculated by the NSO based on ISCED-2011. Country: Bulgaria Break in methodlogy (2000): Since 1997 the three-cycle degree structure (bachelor ? master ? doctoral) has been adopted following the Bologna process (due to changes in the national legislation) Country: Bulgaria Break in methodlogy (2007): The programs for training of medical nurses and maternity nurses have completed with qualification degree & 39;Bachelor& 39; since 2007 (due to changes in the national legislation). Medical nurses and maternity nurses education has moved from ISCED 5B to ISCED 5A since 2006. Country: Canada Reference period (1995 - 2013): Data refer to calendar year. e.g. data for graduates 2004-2005 refer to calendar year 2005. Country: Croatia Data refer to calendar year. Country: Cyprus Data cover only government controlled area. Country: Czechia 1980, 1990, 1995: data refer to graduates of full-time attendance only. Country: Estonia Up to 1990: advanced research programmes were not included in regular education. Country: Georgia Break in methodlogy (2010): Change in source Country: Georgia Territorial change (1980 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region. Country: Germany 1980-1995: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification. 1980-1990: data refer to the former Federal Republic of Germany. From 1995: data refer to the territory of Germany after reunification. Country: Hungary Change in definition (1980 - 2000): data refer to ISCED 1976 classification Country: Iceland 2001-2005: data refer to calender year. Country: Kyrgyzstan Change in definition (1995 - onwards): Data refer to state and non-state educational institutions. Country: Kyrgyzstan Reference period (2000 - 2012): Data refer to the beginning of academic year. Country: Kyrgyzstan Reference period (2013): Since 2013 data refer to the end of an academic year. Country: Latvia 1990, 1995: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification. Country: Lithuania Data refer to calendar year. Country: Luxembourg Data refer to population aged 25-64. Country: Moldova, Republic of As of 2005/2006 school year, higher education, except medical and pharmaceutical, is carried out in two cycles (Licentiate and Master‘s). Students downcast to 2005/2006 academic year completed training on the rules according to the Bologna Declaration. In number of the graduates at the level 5A in 2008 includes those who received a diploma of higher education (before the adoption of the Bologna Declaration) and licentiate degree, and in 2010 and those who got master‘s diploma. Before 2009 data excluded foreigners. From 2012/2013 data are classified according to ISCED-2011. Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Romania Data are not available for advanced research programmes. Country: Serbia The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has no available data on the AP Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Slovakia 1995: data do not refer to ISCED 1997 classification. Country: Slovenia Data refer to calendar year. Country: Spain 2005: Provisional data Country: Sweden 1995: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification. Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2005): Break in series due to the growth in some fields of studies for women such as teacher training or health in Universities of Applied Sciences. Country: Switzerland Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1997 Country: Tajikistan Reference period (2000 - 2013): Data for advanced research programmes refer to end of year. Data for theoretical oriented programmes refer to June-July of reporting year. Country: Turkey Change in definition (1990 onwards): Data for theoretical oriented programmes include open education graduates. Data for advanced research programmes include medical interns and doctorate students. Country: Turkey Reference period (1990 onwards): Data refer to end of year. Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Country: Ukraine Data with year T in the headings refers to the beginning of the school year T/T+1. Transition from ISCED-1997 to ISCED-2011 since the school year 2012/2013.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series. The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993). Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive. Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components. Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note. Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. .. - data not availableCountry: Albania Currency: Albanian lek (ALL).Country: Armenia Currency: Armenian dram (AMD), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:200 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.Country: Austria Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Austrian Schilling (ATS); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 13.7603 ATS/€.Country: Azerbaijan Currency: New Azerbaijanian manat (AZN), in 2006 replaced old manat (AZM) at 1:5000. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.Country: Belarus Currency: Belarusian rouble (BYR) redenominated at 1:10 in 1994, at 1:1000 in 2000, and again 1:10000 in July 2016. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.Country: Belgium Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Belgian Franc (BEF); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 40.3399 BEF/€.Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Currency: Bosnia and Herzegovina, convertible marka (BAM). Geographical coverage: GDP and population cover the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska.Country: Bulgaria Currency : Bulgarian leva (BGN), redenominated at 1:1000 in 1999. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.Country: Canada Currency: Canadian dollar (CAD).Country: Croatia Currency: Croatian kuna (HRK), replaced the Croat dinar at 1:1000 in 1994. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.Country: Cyprus Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2008 - Cypriot pound (CYP); historical data converted into €.Country: Czechia Currency : Czech koruna (CZK).Country: Denmark Currency : Danish krone (DKK).Country: Estonia Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2011 - Estonian kroon (EEK), replaced the Soviet rouble in 1992 with a peg to the deutsche mark (8:1). Data are converted to the latest currency.Country: Finland Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Finnish markka (FIM); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 5.94573 FIM/€.Country: France Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - French franc (FRF); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 6.55957 FRF/€.Country: Georgia Currency: Georgian lari (GEL), replaced the lari-kupon at 1: 1000000 in 1995. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Geographical coverage: from 1993, excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).Country: Germany Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Deutsche Mark (DEM); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1.95583 DEM/€. Geographical coverage: The statistics for Germany refer to Germany after unification. Official data for Germany after unification are available only from 1991 onwards.Country: Greece Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2001 - Greek Drachma (GRD); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 340.75 GRD/€.Country: Hungary Currency : Hungarian forint (HUF).Country: Iceland Currency: Iceland krona (ISK).Country: Ireland Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Irish Punt (IEP); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 0.787564 IEP/€.Country: Israel Currency: New shekel (ILS). Geographical coverage: Designation and data provided by Israel.The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.Country: Italy Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Italian Lira (ITL); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1936.27 ITL/€.Country: Kazakhstan Currency: Kazakh tenge (KZT), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:500 in 1992. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.Country: Kyrgyzstan Currency: Kyrgyz som (KGS).Country: Latvia Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2014 - Latvian lat (LVL), replaced Latvian rouble at 1:200 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency unit.Country: Lithuania Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2015 - Lithuanian litas (LTL). All data are expressed in the latest currency unit.Country: Luxembourg Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Luxembourg Franc (LUF); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 40.3399 LUF/€.Country: Malta Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2008 - Maltese lira (MTL); historical data converted into euro.Country: Moldova, Republic of Currency: Moldovan leu (MDL). Geographical coverage: from 1993, excludes Transnistria.Country: Montenegro Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2001 - Deutsche Mark (DEM); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1.95583 DEM/€.Country: Netherlands Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Dutch Guilder (NLG); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 2.20371 NLG/€.Country: Norway Currency: Norvegian krone (NOK).Country: Poland Currency : Polish zloty (PLZ), redenominated at 1:10000 in 1995. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.Country: Portugal Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Portuguese Escudo (PTE); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 200.482 PTE/€.Country: Romania Currency: New Romanian leu (RON).Country: Russian Federation Currency: Russian rouble (RUB), redenominated at 1:1000 in 1998. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013.Country: Serbia Currency : Serbian Dinar (RSD). Geographical coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija.Country: Slovakia Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2008 - Slovak koruna (SKK). Data are converted to the latest currency.Country: Slovenia Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2007 - Slovenian tolar (SIT); historical data converted at fixed conversion rate of 239,640 SIT/€.Country: Spain Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Spanish Peseta (ESP); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 166.386 ESP/€.Country: Sweden Currency : Swedish krona (SEK).Country: Switzerland Currency: Swiss franc (CHF).Country: Tajikistan Currency : Tajik somoni (TJS), replaced the Tajik rouble at 1:1000 in 2000. The Tajik rouble replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:100 in 1994. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Currency : Macedonian denar (MKD), replaced the Yugoslav dinar at 1:1 in 1992, redenominated at 1:100 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.Country: Turkey Currency : Turkish lira (TRL).Country: Turkmenistan Currency : Turkmen manat (TMM), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:500 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.Country: Ukraine Currency : Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH), replaced the former karbovanets at 1:100000 in 1996. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine.Country: United Kingdom Currency: British pound (GBP).Country: United States Currency: United States dollar (USD).Country: Uzbekistan Currency: Uzbekistani sum (UZS), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:1000 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD) official sources. Growth rates (per cent) for original data are calculated over the same period of previous year. For seasonally adjusted data growth rates are calculated over the previous period. For annual data growth rates are calculated over the previous year. .. - data not availableIndicatorIndustrial Production index, 2010=100 The industrial production index (IPI) measures real output and is expressed as a percentage of real output in a base year. IPI covers production output in mining, manufacturing and public utilities (electricity, gas and water), but excludes construction.Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Geographical Coverage: Until 2005 refers to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina only.Country: France Geographical Coverage: Data for France do not include the overseas departments (DOM).Country: Georgia Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).Country: Ireland Industrial Production Index: Due to unavailable original time series, indices adjusted for differences in number of working days are provided.Country: IsraelDesignation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.Country: Moldova, Republic of Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria.Country: Russian Federation Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013.Country: Serbia Geographical Coverage: from 1999 excludes Kosovo and Metohija.Country: Ukraine Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not include all territory of Ukraine.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (WHO European health for all database, Eurostat and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources. Definition: The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1000 live births in a given year. Country: Azerbaijan Break in methodlogy (2000): Change in calculation methodology. Country: Cyprus Data cover only government controlled area. Country: Germany From 3 October 1990: data refer to the Federal Republic within its frontiers. Country: Italy Change in definition (1980 - 2011): Data refer to resident or non resident population. Country: Malta From 2001: data include foreign residents. Country: Serbia Break in methodlogy (2005): Change in data processing methodology. Country: Serbia Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Tajikistan Additional information (1980 - 2012): Data are from births and deaths register. Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.

.. - data not available Source:UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources. Definition: Use of Internet includes any kind of use, whether at home, at work or from anywhere else, for private or professional purposes, using a computer or any other means. Users of Internet over three months period: proportion of individuals who used the Internet in the last three months preceding the survey over the total number of individuals in the same group. Users of Internet over one week: proportion of individuals who used the internet at least once a week in the last three months preceding the survey over the total number of individuals in the same group. Variable: Users of Internet over 3 months period , Country: ArmeniaFor 2013-2014 data refer to the proportion of persons who used a computer in the last 12 months. Since 2015, to the proportion of persons who used a computer in the last three months.Country: ArmeniaAdditional information (2004 - 2008): Data refer to percentage of persons using internet in households covered in Integrated household living standards survey.Country: AzerbaijanBreak in methodology: from 2013 data also include users connected to Internet through mobile phonesVariable: Users of Internet over 3 months period , Country: BelarusRefers to computer use in the past 12 months.Country: Canada Data for 'all ages' refer to persons aged 18 years or higher (16 years or higher for 2007); 16 to 24 refer to ages 18 to 34 (aged 16 to 34 for 2007); 25 to 54 refer to ages 35 to 54; and 55 to 74 refer to ages 55 to 64. Data do not include Inmates of institutions, persons living on Indian Reserves, and full time members of the Canadian Armed Forces. Data refer to Interent use in the 12 months preceding the survey; data follow closely the calendar year. Data include use of the Internet for personal, non-business reasons only. 2000-2003: data refer to the percentage of all households with at least one member regularly using the Internet from any location; data by age group are based on the age of the household head (who may or may not use the Internet).Country: IsraelChange in definition (2002 - 2006): Data refer to population aged 20 and over. Data refer to the proportion of persons who used a internet in the last month.Country: IsraelChange in definition (2008 - 2013): Data refer to population aged 20 and over.Variable: Weekly users of Internet , Country: KazakhstanData on weekly Internet use for age groups 16-74 and 16-24 refer to the population of 15-74 and 15-24 respectively.Country: Russian FederationBreak in methodlogy (2011): Data refer to 16 - 74 year olds who use internet to the total number of persons in the relevant age groupCountry: Russian FederationChange in definition (2013): Data refer to age groups 16-72 and 55-72 instead of 16-74 and 55-74.Country: Russian FederationChange in definition (2013): Data refer to age groups 16-72 and 55-72 instead of 16-74 and 55-74.Country: SerbiaData exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija.Country: SwitzerlandChange in definition: For 2000 - 2013, data on All ages refer to age group 14-74; age group 16-24 refers to 14-24. Since 2014 onwards, age group 16-74 has been considered.Country: SwitzerlandReference period: For 2000 - 2013 data refer to 6 months period: 2006 refer to Oct. 2005 to March 2006; the same applies to other years. From 2014 onwards the reference period is the last three months and the frequency is at least once a week.Country: UkraineChange in definition (2007 - 2013): Data refer to age groups 15-24 instead of 16-24 and 25-74 instead of 25-54. Data for 16-74 refer to all age groups.Country: UkraineTerritorial change (2007 - 2013): Excludes localities in the territory, which was radioactively contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster.Country: United StatesChange in definition (2007 - 2015): Data refer to civilian, non-institutionalized population. Age range is 15 and over. Data are not time or frequency specific, bur rather only about using the internet or email. Includes Internet use at home and away from home.Country: United StatesReference period (1990): Data refer to 1989.Country: United StatesReference period (1995): Data refer to 1997.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition:Judges are justice officers who hear and judge cases in courts of justice, instruct the jury on points of law, or pronounce judgement. Judges are defined according to ISCO-08,code 2612. Examples of the occupations classified are chief justice, judge, and magistrate. .. - data not available Country: Canada Data based on National Occupational Classification 2006. Country: Canada Data exclude the 3 northern territories. Country: Cyprus Government controlled area only. Country: Czechia Reference period (1980): data refer to 1981. Country: Czechia Reference period (1990): data refer to 1991. Country: Estonia Reference period (1980 - 2011): Data refer to 31 December of preceding year. 2015: Data as of August 30, 2016. Country: France All judges at juridical courts. Country: France Geographic coverage: French Republic, including the overseas departments DOM (except Mayotte). Overseas collectivities (COM) are excluded. Country: Georgia Territorial change (1995 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region. Country: Germany 1990/1995 break in series: 1980, 1990: former territory of Federal Republic of Germany. Country: Greece Change in definition (2005 - 2009): Data include authorized associate judges and magistrates. Professional Judges or Magistrates means both full-time and part-time officials. Data for 2010 onwards: Magistrates are not included as figures are not available by sex. Country: Iceland Change in definition (1995 onward): Data refers to judges in District courts and the Supreme Court. Country: Latvia Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Data include the total number of judges of the Supreme Court, Regional Courts, and District (city) Courts. Country: Latvia Reference period (2003): data refer to 1st April 2004. Country: Lithuania Reference period (1990 - 2012): Reference period: selected day of the year ? at the end of the year (December 31). Country: Moldova, Republic of Additional information (1995 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Norway ISCO-code 2611-2619 combined. Country: Russian Federation Reference period (2000 - 2013): Data refer to the situation as of 1st of January of the following year. Country: Switzerland Data are rounded by multiple of 1000. Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2010): From 2010 data refer to ISCO-08 classification, before 2010 data refer to ISCO-88 classification. Country: Turkey Change in definition: Up to 2008 data cover total judges. Since 2009, data cover only judges at judicial and administrative courts. Country: United Kingdom Change in definition (2001 - onwards): Includes Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, Heads of Division, Lord Justices of Appeal, High Court Judges, Circuit Judges (including judges of the Court of Technology & Construction), District Judges (including Family Division), Deputy District Judges (including Family Division), District Judges (Magistrates Courts), Deputy District Judges (Magistrates Courts).

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat, UN Statistics Division Demographic Yearbook, WHO European health for all database and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources. Definition: Legal abortions refer to legally induced early foetal deaths and do not cover spontaneous abortions (i.e. miscarriages). The abortion rate is defined as the number of abortions per 1000 live births during a given year. General note: Data come from registers, unless otherwise specified. .. - data not available Country: Austria Additional information (1990 - 2012): Data refer to abortions carried out in hospitals. Country: Azerbaijan Data include illegal abortions. Country: Canada 2002-2005 : data do not cover abortions performed on non-Canadian residents. Country: France Data do not cover overseas territories. Country: Georgia From 1995 : data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Country: Israel Data include East Jerusalem and Israeli residents in certain other territories under occupation by Israeli military forces since June 1967. Data refer to applications for abortions and not to actual abortions performed. Country: Italy Incomplete data for the mentioned years and Regions: 1990 (Piemonte), 1995 (Piemonte), 2002 (Campania), 2003 (Campania), 2004 (Sicilia), 2005 (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Molise, Campania, Sicilia), 2006 (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Campania, Sicilia), 2007 (Campania). Country: Kyrgyzstan Data include spontaneous abortions (i.e. miscarriages). Country: Netherlands Data refer to abortions performed on women living in the Netherlands. Country: Russian Federation Additional information (1995 - 2012): Data include interruption of pregnancy for the total of 21 weeks. Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2004): A new data collection system took place following the legal changes regarding abortion in 2002. Country: Tajikistan Data include menstrual cycle regulation procedures (also known as mini-abortions) carried out within the first 5 to 6 weeks of a possible pregnancy. Country: United Kingdom Change in definition (1980 - 2012): Data include residents and non-residents. Country: United Kingdom Territorial change (1980 - onwards): Data do not cover Northern Ireland.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (WHO European health for all database, Eurostat and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources. Definition: Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn is expected to live, if the prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of her/his birth were to stay the same throughout her/his life. Life expectancy at 65 is the average number of years a person at the age of 65 is expected to live, if the prevailing patterns of mortality at the time when she/he has reached the age of 65 were to stay the same throughout the rest of her/his life. .. - data not available Country: Azerbaijan Life expectancy at birth 1980 : data refer to 1981. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Life expectancy at birth 1980 : data refer to 1985. Life expectancy at birth 1995: data refer to the period 1990-1995. Country: Canada Data are calculated with a method that uses three years of data (e.g. 2007 data refers to 2005-2007). For further explanation, please refer to statistics Canada website. Reference period 2007-2012 is using an updated methodology. For further explanation, please refer to statistics Canada website. Country: Croatia 1980 : data refer to 1985. Country: Cyprus Data cover only government controlled area. Country: Germany From 3 October 1990: data refer to the Federal Republic within its frontiers. Country: Malta From 2001: data include foreign residents. Country: Serbia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1990-1991 respectively. Country: Serbia Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1994-1995 respectively. Country: Serbia Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Tajikistan Reference period (1980): data refer to 1980/1981.

Country: Belarus''Lorries'' includes road tractors. ''Trailers'' includes semi-trailers. ''Light goods road vehicles'' include lorries.Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina''Light goods road vehicles'' include ''Road tractors''. ''Trailers'' include ''Semi-trailers''.Country: CyprusLorries with permissible maximum weight up to 3,500 kg refers to load capacity up to 2,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum weight 3,501 kg - 7,500 kg refers to load capacity 3,000 kg - 6,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum weight 7,501 kg - 12,000 kg refers to load capacity 7,000 kg - 14,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum weight 12,001 kg - 40,000 kg refers to load capacity 15,000 kg - 19,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum weight 40,000 kg and over refers to load capacity 20,000 kg and overCountry: Estonia''Trailers'' include semi-trailers.Country: HungaryLoad capacity of ''lorries'' excludes lorries for special purpose. ''Trailers'' include semi-trailers.Country: LatviaData from 2010 onward reflect changes in rules regarding the removal of vehicles from the register. As a result, data before this year are not comparable with more recent data.Country: LithuaniaThe state enterprise Regitra of the Republic of Lithuania deregistered vehicles whose compulsory technical inspection or vehicle owner's compulsory civil liability insurance expired by 1 July 2014.Country: PolandSemi-trailers with permissible maximum gross weight 30 001 kg - 40 000 kg refers to permissible maximum gross weight > 30 000 kg. Trailers with permissible maximum gross weight 751 kg - 3 500 kg refers to permissible maximum gross weight up to 3 500 kg.Country: RomaniaSemi-trailers with permissible maximum gross weight up to 20 000 kg refers to permissible maximum gross weight up to 9 999 kg. Semi-trailers with permissible maximum gross weight 20 001 kg - 30 000 kg refers to permissible maximum gross weight 10 000 kg - 14 999 kg. Trailers with permissible maximum gross weight up to 750 kg refers to permissible maximum gross weight up to 4 999 kg. Trailers with permissible maximum gross weight 751 kg - 3 500 kg refers to permissible maximum gross weight 5 000 kg - 9 999 kgCountry: SerbiaTerritorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Trailers includes semi trailers.Country: Slovakia''Semi-trailers'' includes trailers, 2000-2014. Light goods road vehicles includes all lorries.Country: United KingdomData refer to Great Britain.Country: United StatesLorries refers to U.S. categories ''Single Unit'' and ''Combination Trucks''

Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina''Light goods road vehicles'' include ''Road tractors''. ''Trailers'' include ''Semi-trailers''.Country: CyprusLorries with permissible maximum weight up to 3,500 kg refers to load capacity up to 2,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum weight 3,501 kg - 7,500 kg refers to load capacity 3,000 kg - 6,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum weight 7,501 kg - 12,000 kg refers to load capacity 7,000 kg - 14,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum weight 12,001 kg - 40,000 kg refers to load capacity 15,000 kg - 19,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum weight 40,000 kg and over refers to load capacity 20,000 kg and overCountry: Estonia''Trailers'' include semi-trailers.Country: GreeceIncludes both new vehicles and used vehicles from abroad.Country: HungaryIncludes both new vehicles and used vehicles from abroad. Lorries includes special purpose motor vehicles. Trailers include semi-trailers and caravans.Country: LatviaIncludes vehicles that have been manufactured in the indicated or previous year only.Country: LithuaniaIncludes new and re-registered vehicles.Country: PortugalFrom 1996 new semi trailers include new trailers.Country: SerbiaRefers to number of first time registered vehicles in the previous 2 years.Country: SwedenNew trailers exclude caravans.Country: United KingdomData refer to Great Britain.Country: United StatesLorries refers to lorries over 10,000 pounds.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources. Definition: The unemployed are all the persons above a specific age who, during the reference period, were: (a) without work, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment, and (b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period, and (c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified reference period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS). The long-term unemployed are the persons who have been unemployed for 12 months or more. The long-term unemployment rate is the share of the long-term unemployed in the total unemployed population. General note: Data comes from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Units of measurement: Long-term unemployed persons are shown in thousands. Long-term unemployed rates are shown as a percentage of all unemployed persons.Country: AlbaniaChange in definition (1995 - 2012): Data refer to registered long-term unemployment.Country: ArmeniaUp to 2006: data refer to the population aged 16-63 and based on administrative register. Break in methodlogy: 2007 data refer to population aged 16-75. Break in methodlogy: from 2008 data refer to the population aged 15-75 and compiled according to ILO definition. Break in methodlogy: from 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards. Break in methodlogy: since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.Country: BelarusData refer to registered unemployment.Country: Belgium 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: Bulgaria 1990 : data refer to 1993.Country: CanadaData do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk ).Country: Cyprus Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. 1980-1990 : data refer to the persons who have been unemployed for 6 months or more.Country: Czechia 1995 : data refer to 1997.Country: Denmark 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: Estonia 1995 : data refer to 1997.Country: France Data do not cover the overseas departments (DOM). 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: GeorgiaTerritorial change (2002 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali RegionCountry: Germany 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: Greece 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: IcelandChange in definition (1990): Data refer to population aged 16-74. Data refer to 1991.Country: IcelandChange in definition (1995 - 2013): Data refer to population aged 16-74.Country: Ireland 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: IsraelBreak in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdfCountry: IsraelBreak in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.fCountry: IsraelBreak in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdfCountry: IsraelBreak in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdfCountry: IsraelChange in definition (1980): Data refers to population 14+.Country: IsraelChange in definition (2005): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdfCountry: Italy 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: KyrgyzstanBreak in methodlogy (2002): Data are based on household surveyCountry: KyrgyzstanBreak in methodlogy (2003): From 2003, data are based on household income and labour force surveys.Country: KyrgyzstanChange in definition (1995 - 2001): Data refer to registered long-term unemployment.Country: Latvia 1995 : data refer to 1996 and to the persons who have been unemployed for 13 months or more. 1995/2000 : break in series due to adjustment to the results of 2000 Population Census.Country: Luxembourg 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: Moldova, Republic ofData exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of BenderCountry: Netherlands 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: Poland 1995 : data refer to 1997.Country: Portugal 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: Romania 1995 : data refer to 1997.Country: Russian FederationChange in definition (1990 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 yearsCountry: Russian FederationReference period (1990): Data refer to 1992Country: Russian FederationTerritorial change (1990 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen RepublicCountry: SerbiaData do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.Country: Slovenia 1995 : data refer to 1996.Country: Spain 1990 : data refer to 1992.Country: Switzerland Data refer to the permanent resident population. 1990 : data refer to 1991.Country: TurkeyBreak in series (2014): Since 2014 series are not comparable with the previous years due to methodological changes in LFS.Country: TurkeyBreak in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections.Country: UkraineChange in definition (2000 - 2012): Data present the number of unemployed (ILO definition) aged 15-70 years who is seeking work 12 months or more.Country: UkraineTerritorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.Country: United Kingdom 1990 : data refer to 1992.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series. The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993). Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive. Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components. Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note. Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. .. - data not available

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series. The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993). Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive. Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components. Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note. Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. .. - data not available

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources. Definition: The mean age of women at birth of first child is the weighted average of the different childbearing ages, using as weights the age-specific fertility rates of first-order births. General note: Data come from registers, unless otherwise specified. Data for 2010 come from the European Demographic Data Sheet (Wittgenstein Centre) for the following countries: Albania, Cyprus, Malta, Montenegro, Sweden and Turkey. Country: Belgium Change in definition (1980 - 2000): Data are based on events. Country: Canada 2000 : data refer to 1999. Country: Cyprus Data cover only the government controlled area. Data are based on events and not on fertility rates. Break in series - 2010: change is source. Country: Finland Change in definition (1980): Data refer to children born in marriages. Country: France Break in series - 2007: change is source. Country: Georgia From 1995 : data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Country: Germany Break in methodlogy (2009): From 2009 data refer to biological birth order. Country: Germany Change in definition (1980 - 2008): Data refer to children born in marriages. Data are based on events. Country: Germany Territorial change (1980 - 1990): Data cover only West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany). Country: Germany Territorial change (1995 - 2012): Data refer to reunified Germany, i.e. include the ex-German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Country: Greece Before 1991: data were based on the de facto population. From 1991: data are based on the de jure population. Break in time series in 2000. Before 2000 mean age was calculated on the basis of events. From 2000 onwards calculations are based on rates. Country: Ireland Data are based on events and not on fertility rates. For 2007-2008, data refer to yera of registration and could include data from previous years. Country: Ireland Data cover the Republic of Ireland only. Country: Israel Data are based on events. Country: Italy Additional information (2000 - 2011): Since 1/1/1999 data by birth order are estimated using resident population registers and sample surveys. Data related to 2002-2011 are calculated using intercensal register population estimates. Country: Luxembourg Change in definition (1995 - onwards): Data are based on events Country: Malta Data refer to the average of the different childbearing ages of first-order births. Country: Montenegro Break in series - 2010: change is source. Country: Norway Data is calculated based on actual age at first births. Country: Portugal Data are based on events by age groups, using as weights the middle point of each five years age groups, from 15 to 49 Country: Russian Federation From 2000: break in series; estimates based on available data from territories that produce data on birth by order and single ages of mother. Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Sweden Break in series - 2010: change in source. Country: Switzerland Change in definition (1980 - 2012): Data refer to married women only. Country: United Kingdom Territorial change (2000 - onwards): Data refer to England and Wales.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international official sources (Inter-Parliamentary Union). Definition: Members of parliament are the persons elected to the lower or single house by the persons entitled to vote in the country. The parliament is the legislative or deliberative assembly; one or more chambers or assemblies that form (or form part of) the legislature of a country. Data refer to the lower or single house. General note: Data refer to 1st July of the reference year. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina 1980: data refer to 1978. Country: Bulgaria 1995: data refer to 1997. Country: Canada 1995: data refer to 1997 Country: Croatia In 1980 and 1990, the Croatian Parliament was differently structured (there were more deputies, there was no division on upper and lower house of parliament). Country: Cyprus 1995: data refer to 1997. Geographical coverage: data refer to Government controlled areas only. Country: Czechia Until 1992 data refer to deputies of Czech National Council, later to members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic. Country: Estonia 1990: data refer to 1992 when the first parliament elections took place. Country: France 1980: data refer to the 1981 election. Country: Georgia Excluding Abkhaz AR and Tskhinvali Region. Country: Germany In 1990, the total number of members was increased because of German reunification. 1995: data refer to 1994 Country: Greece 1995: data refer to 1996 Country: Israel 1995: data refer to 1996 Country: Italy 1995: data refer to 1996 Country: Lithuania 1990: data refer to 1992. 1995: data refer to 1996. Country: Norway 1980: data refer to 1981. 1990: data refer to 1989. Country: Poland 1995: data refer to 1997 Country: Romania 1995: data refer to 1996 Country: Slovakia 1990: data refer to 1992. Country: Slovenia 1995: data refer to 1992 Country: Spain 1995: data refer to 1996 Country: Switzerland 1980: data refer to 1979. 1990: data refer to 1991. 2000: data refer to 1999. 2001: data refer to 2003 Country: United States 1995: date refer to 1996

Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina ''Light goods road vehicles'' include ''Road tractors''. ''Trailers'' include ''Semi-trailers''. Country: Slovakia Light goods road vehicles refer to all lorries. Country: Bulgaria Light goods road vehicles refer to all lorries. Country: Croatia For data prior to 2015, refers to all lorries Country: Cyprus Light goods road vehicles refers to load capacity up to 2,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum gross weight 3,501 kg - 7,500 kg refers to load capacity 3,000 kg - 6,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum gross weight 7,501 kg - 12,000 kg refers to load capacity 7,000 kg - 9,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum gross weight 12,001 kg - 40,000 kg refers to load capacity 10,000 kg - 19,999 kg. Lorries with permissible maximum gross weight 40,000 kg and over refers to load capacity 20,000 kg and over. Country: Estonia ''Trailers'' include semi-trailers. Country: France ''Trailers'' includes only trailers with authorized total weight > = 6 tons. Country: Greece Includes both new vehicles and used vehicles from abroad. Country: Hungary Includes both new vehicles and used vehicles from abroad. Lorries includes special purpose motor vehicles. Trailers include semi-trailers and caravans. Country: Latvia Includes vehicles that have been manufactured in the indicated or previous year only. Country: Lithuania Includes new and re-registered vehicles. Country: Portugal From 1996 new semi trailers include new trailers. Country: Romania From 2013, light goods road vehicles refers to load capacity up to 2,999 kg. Country: Serbia Refers to number of first time registered vehicles in the previous 2 years. Country: Sweden New trailers exclude caravans. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Semi-trailers refer to semi-trailers and trailers through 2010. From 2011 onward, trailers refer to semi-trailers and trailers. Country: United Kingdom Data refer to Great Britain. Country: United States Lorries refers to lorries over 10,000 pounds. Vehicle Category: New light goods vehicles For data prior to 2013, refers to all lorries.

.. - data not availableCountry: Cyprus''Petrol'' includes both diesel and petrol hybrid vehicles.Country: GreeceIncludes both new vehicles and used vehicles from abroad.Country: HungaryIncludes both new vehicles and used vehicles from abroad. ''Petrol'' and ''diesel'' vehicles exclude hybrid vehicles.Country: LatviaIncludes vehicles that have been manufactured in the indicated or previous year only.Country: LithuaniaIncludes new and re-registered vehicles.Country: SerbiaRefers to number of first time registered vehicles in the previous 2 years.Country: United KingdomData refer to Great Britain.

Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina''Light goods road vehicles'' include ''Road tractors''.Country: SlovakiaLight goods road vehicles refer to all lorries.Country: BulgariaLight goods road vehicles refer to all lorries.Country: CroatiaFor data prior to 2015, refers to all lorriesCountry: Cyprus''Petrol'' includes both diesel and petrol hybrid vehicles.Country: Czechia''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses.Country: GreeceIncludes both new vehicles and used vehicles from abroad.Country: HungaryIncludes both new vehicles and used vehicles from abroad. ''Petrol'' and ''diesel'' vehicles exclude hybrid vehicles. ''Motor coaches, buses, and trolleybuses'' exclude trolleybuses. ''Lorries'' include special purpose motor vehicles.Country: LatviaIncludes vehicles that have been manufactured in the indicated or previous year only.Country: LithuaniaIncludes new and re-registered vehicles.Country: SerbiaRefers to number of first time registered vehicles in the previous 2 years.Country: United KingdomData refer to Great Britain.Country: United StatesLorries refers to lorries over 10,000 pounds.Fuel Type: - Compressed natural gas (CNG)For passenger cars, includes liquefied natural gas (LNG).Fuel Type: - Hybrid electric-dieselFor light goods vehicles, lorries and road tractors, includes plug-in hybrid diesel electric vehicles.Fuel Type: - Hybrid electric-petrolFor light goods vehicles and lorries, includes plug-in hybrid petrol-electric vehicles.Type of Vehicle: New light goods vehiclesFor data prior to 2013, refers to all lorries.

Country: CzechiaRefers to wagons owned by commercial rail operatorsCountry: RomaniaHigh sided wagons includes flat wagons.

Country: SerbiaTerritorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.Country: CanadaMotorcycles include mopeds. Passenger cars refers to all vehicles with at least four wheels weighing less than 4,500 kg.Country: Czechia''Motor coaches, buses, etc'' excludes trolleybuses. ''Mopeds'' includes mopeds and motorcycles with engines 50 cc or less.Country: FinlandExcluding mopeds registered in Aland. Trams in Helsinki/Helsingfors only.Country: Hungary''Motor coaches, buses, etc'' excludes trolleybuses. ''Trams'' include cogwheel trams.Country: LatviaData from 2010 onward reflect changes in rules regarding the removal of vehicles from the register. As a result, data before this year are not comparable with more recent data.Country: LithuaniaThe state enterprise Regitra of the Republic of Lithuania deregistered vehicles whose compulsory technical inspection or vehicle owner's compulsory civil liability insurance expired by 1 July 2014.Country: MaltaMopeds include quads and all-terrain vehicles (ATVs).Country: Switzerland''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses. > 10 and = < 20 years refers to greater than 10 years. Until 2013, 2 > or = 5 years refers to less than 5 years.Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses. > 10 and = < 20 years refers to greater than 10 years. Until 2013, 2 > or = 5 years refers to less than 5 years.Country: Russian Federation''Motor coaches, buses, etc'' excludes trolleybuses. ''Motorcycles'' includes 3-wheelers and quadricycles.Country: SlovakiaFor data years up to 2008, mopeds are included with motorcycles.Country: Sweden''Mopeds'' refer only to class 1 mopeds.Country: United KingdomData refer to Great Britain.Country: United StatesFrom 2007, passenger cars refers to 'Light duty vehicles, short wheel base'. Prior to 2007, passenger cars referred to 'Passenger Cars and Other 2-axle, 4-tire vehicles'. Motor coaches, buses, etc refer to those used on interstates only. 'Motorcycles' include mopeds

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, OECD, UN) official sources. Definition: Population, as referred to the System of National Accounts 1993, is the annual average number of persons present in the economic territory of a country, including institutional population. Employment, as referred to the System of National Accounts 1993, covers all persons - both employees and self-employed - engaged in a productive activity that falls within the production boundary of the system. It includes both the residents and the non-residents who work for resident producer units. In case of deviation, the actual definition is provided in the country footnote. Population data provided in this table may slightly differ from population data provided in Gender Statistics, due to the use of different sources. Employment data provided in this table generally differ from employment data provided in Gender Statistics, which cover only residents. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series. As a result, absolute figures presented in this table may differ from those published by National Statistical Offices and should be taken with caution. However, the derived growth rates correspond to the originally reported series. Regional aggregates are computed by UNECE secretariat. For more details see the composition of regions note. .. - data not available Country: Albania Population: estimates from UN Population Division - may differ from national data. Employment: From 2007 data according to the Labour Force Survey. Country: Armenia Employment: LFS - based. Country: Azerbaijan Geographical coverage: excludes Nagorno-Karabakh. Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS - based. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Geographical coverage: Data on total population/ total employment cover the whole country, i.e. the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska. Country: Croatia Employment: LFS-based. Country: France Geographical Coverage: Data for France include the overseas departments (DOM). Country: Georgia Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: Register-based. Country: Israel Employment: LFS-based. Designation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem. Country: Kazakhstan Employment: LFS-based. Country: Lithuania Employment: LFS-based. Country: Moldova, Republic of Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria. Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS-based. Country: Romania Employment: LFS-based. For the years 1990-2001 UNECE estimates. Country: Russian Federation Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS-based. Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013. Country: Serbia Geographical Coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija. Employment: LFS - based. Country: Tajikistan Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Measurement: Growth rate , Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Employment: LFS-based. Country: Turkey Population: estimates from UN Population Division - may differ from national data. Employment: annual breakdowns by activity and quarterly data are LFS-based. Country: Turkmenistan Population: estimates from UN Population Division - may differ from national data. Country: Ukraine Employment: LFS-based. Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition: Body Mass Index (BMI) is the international standard for measuring underweight, overweight, and obesity and is defined as the weight of a person (in kg) divided by the square of the person’s height (in metres): kg/sqm. Standard BMI categories are: BMI less than 18.5 kg/sqm = underweight. BMI between 25 and 30 kg/sqm = overweight. BMI 30kg/sqm and more = obesity. General note: Percentage .. - data not available Country: Armenia 2005: Data refer to population aged 15-49 and age groups: 20-44 refers to 20-29, 45-64 refers to 30-39 and 65+ refers to 40-49. Country: Austria Break in methodlogy (2006): Data for 2006 come from the Autrian Health Interview Survey, before 2006 from the Labour force Survey ad hoc module on smoking habits. Country: Austria Change in definition (1990): Data refer to population aged 20+. Country: Austria Change in definition (2000): Data refer to population aged 20+ Country: Austria Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991. Country: Austria Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999. Country: Belarus Data refer to population aged 16+. Country: Belgium 15-19 age group refers to 18-19 years old Country: Bulgaria Break in methodlogy (2008): 2008 data come from the European Health Interview Survey and 2001 from the Demographic and Health survey. Country: Canada Data exclude institutional residents and full-time members of the Canadian Forces. Country: Canada Data exclude residents of Indian Reserves, Crown Lands and certain remote regions. Country: Croatia Change in definition (2003): Data refer to population aged 18+. Country: Cyprus Data cover only government controlled area. Country: Czechia 1990, 1995 and 2000: data refer to 1993, 1996 and 1999. Country: Denmark Data refer to population aged 16+ and age group 15-19 refers to 16-19. Country: Denmark Data collection mode changed from face-to-face interview to self-administered questionnaires in 2010. Country: Denmark Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1987. Country: Denmark Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1994. Country: Estonia Data refer to population aged 16-64. Country: Estonia Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996 Country: Finland Data refer to population aged 15-64. Age group 65+ refers to 65-84 year olds. Country: France BMI is calculated on the basis of the declared weight of respondents. Country: France Reference area: 2003, 2014 - Metropolitan France; 2008 - Metropolitan France and overseas departments. Country: Germany Data refer to population aged 18+. 2000: data refer to 1999. Country: Hungary Data refer to population aged 18+. Country: Iceland Data refer to population aged 20-80 except in 2007 and 2012 where data refer to population aged 18-79. Data are not published for the age group 18-24 (15-24) as figures are too small. Country: Ireland Data refer to population aged 18+. Age group 15-19 refers to 18-19. - 2000: data refer to 1998. From 2015, data refer to population aged 15 and over and are measured data. Individuals interviewed in the Health Ireland survey 2015 survey were asked to undertake a physical measurement module. Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2010): For 2010 data come from the Social Survey while for 2003 data come from the Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) Survey. Country: Israel Change in definition (2003): Data refer to population aged 21+. Country: Israel Change in definition (2010): Data refer to population aged 20+. Country: Italy Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data refer to population aged 18+. Country: Italy Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1994. Country: Italy Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999/2000. Country: Latvia Data for 2003 - from the Health Interview Survey. Data cover population 15-75 years old.Data for 2004, 2006, 2010 and 2012 - from Health Behaviour Survey among Latvian Adult population. Data cover population 15-64 years old.Data for 2008 and 2014 - from the European Health iInterview Survey (EHIS). Data cover population 15+, age groups: 15-19 refers to 15-24; 20-44 refers to 25-44. Country: Malta Data refer to population aged 18+ residing in private households. 2003: data for age group 15 - 24 are not available due to under-representation. Country: Netherlands Data refer to population aged 20 and over. Overweight: BMI 25 kg/sqm or more. In 2014, interviewing and weighting method was changed, causing a break in the time series. Country: Netherlands Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981. Country: Norway Change in definition (1995 onward): Data refer to population 16 years +. Data on height and weight are self-reported. Country: Norway Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1998. Country: Poland Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996. Country: Portugal Data for age group 15-19 refers to 18-19. 2000: data cover mainland territory (without Autonomous Regions of Acores and Madeira) and refers to 1998-1999. 2005: data refers to 2005-2006 (all territory). 2014: data with a coefficient of variation of 20% or more are not disseminated. Body Mass Index is reported for persons 18+ years. Country: Russian Federation Data refer to age groups 14-18 and 19-44 instead of 15-19 and 20-44 Country: Slovakia Until 2009, data refer to population aged up to 64. In 2009 and 2014 some values are not shown due to low sample sizes. Country: Slovakia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1993. Country: Slovakia Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1998. Country: Slovakia Territorial change (1990): Data cover 2 districts (Banska Bystrica and Brezno) Country: Slovakia Territorial change (1995): Data cover 3 districts (Banska Bystrica, Brezno and Trebisov) Country: Slovakia Territorial change (2003): Data cover 9 districts (Banska Bystrica, Brezno, Trebisov, Dunajska Streda, Dolny Kubin, Nove Zamky, Bratislava II, Kosice II and Roznava). Country: Slovenia Break in methodlogy (2007): Data for 2007 comes from the European Health Interview Survey, for other years from the Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Disease Intervention survey Country: Slovenia Change in definition (2001 - 2004): Data for population aged 25-64. Country: Slovenia Change in definition (2008 - 2012): Data for population aged 25-74. Country: Spain Break in methodlogy (2003): Proxy were allowed Country: Spain Change in definition (2001): Data refer to Spanish nationals only aged 16+. Country: Spain Change in definition (2006): Age group 15-19 refers to 18-44. Country: Spain Change in definition (2009 onward): Age group 15-24 refers to 16-24. For population aged 16-17 overweight and obesity cut offs are defined according to Cole et al. BMJ 2000;320:1240-3, and underweight cut offs according to Cole et al. BMJ 2007;335:194-7. Country: Sweden Change in definition (1980 - 2001): Obesity: BMI>30 kg/sqm. Data refer to population aged 16-84; data for age group 65+ refers to 65-84. Country: Sweden Change in definition (2002 - 2010): Obesity: BMI>30 kg/sqm. Data refer to population aged 16+, data for age group 15-19 refers to 16-19. Country: Sweden Change in definition (2011 - onwards): Data refer to population aged 16+, data for age group 15-19 refers to 16-19. Country: Sweden Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Country: Sweden Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996 Country: Switzerland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992. Country: Switzerland Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1997. Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Country: Ukraine Change in definition (2006 onwards): Age group 15-19 refers to 18-19. Age group 65+ refers to 70+. Country: Ukraine Territorial change (2006 onwards): The territorial sample exclude localities in the territory which was radioactively contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster . Country: United Kingdom Change in definition (1995 - onwards): Data collected from 16 years of age rather than 15. Country: United Kingdom Territorial change (1995 - onwards): Data cover England only. Country: United States For 1980 and 1990 data refer to 1976-1980 and 1988-1994 respectively. Since 2000, data for the reference year refer to the range of this year and the previous one.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources. Definition: Total mid-year or annual average population. Total population provided in this table may slightly differ from total population provided in Economic Statistics, due to the use of different sources. Age groups: For the EU and EFTA member states age group 85-89 refers to the population of 85+ unless otherwise explicitly shown. For other countries please see Country Footnotes. Regional aggregates are computed by UNECE secretariat. For more details, see the composition of regions note. Due to rounding, there may be slight differences between regional aggregates and the sum of the population of all component countries. .. - data not available Country: Albania Reference period (1990 - 2000): data refer to 1 January and are based on previous population censuses. Country: Albania Reference period (2001 - 2012): data refer to mid-year and are estimated on the basis of 2001 Population Census Country: Albania Reference period (2010-2015): data refer to group age 85-89 are the data for the group age 85+ Country: Armenia Change in definition (1990): Age group 80-84 refers to 80+ Country: Armenia Change in definition (2001 - 2004): Age group 85-89 refers to 85+ Country: Belarus Change in definition (2000 - onwards): age group 85-89 refers to 85+. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Break in methodology (1980): Data estimated from the National Statistical Office Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Break in methodology (2001): Data estimated from the World Population Prospects Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Change in definition (2010 - 2013): Population 85-89 refers to 85+ Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Data for 2013 are from the population census and refer to 30/09/2013. Large drop in population from 2012 to 2013 due to change of sources (administrative data to census data). Country: Canada 1980-2004 : age group 90-94 refers to 90+. Country: Croatia 1980 : data refer to 31 March 1981. From 2001 : age group 85-89 refers to 85+. Country: Cyprus Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. 1980 : data refer to 1982; age group 70-74 refers to 70+. From 2000: age group 85-89 refers to 85+. Country: Georgia Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Age group 85-89 refers to 85+. Country: Georgia Territorial change (1995 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region. Country: Georgia The decrease of population between 2014 and 2015 related to results of Census 2014. Country: Germany From 3 October 1990: data refer to the Federal Republic within its frontiers. Country: Ireland From 2000, age group 85-89 refers to 85+. Country: Israel Reference period (1980): age group 80-84 refers to 80+. Country: Israel Reference period (1995, 2000, 2003, 2004): age group 90-94 refers to 90+. Country: Kazakhstan Change in definition (1990 - 2002): age group 75-79 refers to 75+. Country: Kyrgyzstan Imputed values (1980 - onwards): Data reflect the average resident population Country: Malta From 2001: data include foreign residents. Country: Moldova, Republic of From 2001: age group 85-89 refers to 85+. Country: Montenegro Break in series in 2011: data is based on the latest population census. Between 2000-2013, age group 85-89 refers to 85+. Country: Russian Federation Reference period (1980): Data for 1980 at the beginning of the year. Country: Serbia From 2000 : data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Serbia Data on population estimates for the period 2000-2010 were based on the Census 2002 results while the data for the period 2011-2015 were based on the Census 2011 results. Country: Slovenia 1980 and from 2000 : age group 85-89 refers to 85+. Country: Tajikistan Change in definition (1990 - 1995): Age group 75-79 refers to 75+. Country: Tajikistan Change in definition (2007): Data refer to beginning of year Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia From 2000: age group 85-89 refers to 85+. Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Country: Ukraine 1980 : data refer to 1979. 1990 : data refer to 1989.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition:A private household is either: (a) One person household consisting of a person living alone in a separate housing unit or who occupies, as a lodger, a separate room (or rooms) of a housing unit but does not join with any of the other occupants of the housing unit to form part of a multi-person household OR (b) Multi-person household consisting of a group of two or more persons who combine to occupy the whole or part of a housing unit and to provide themselves with food and possibly other essentials for living. The group may be composed of related persons only or of unrelated persons or of a combination of both. The group may also pool their income. Couple: A couple is defined as a man and woman living as a married couple, a registered couple or a couple who lives in a consensual union (cohabiting). Two persons are considered as partners in a consensual union when they have usual residence in the same household, have a marriage-like relationship but are not married to each other. Child: A child refers to a blood, step- or adopted son or daughter (regardless of age or marital status) who has usual residence in the household of the parent, and who has no partner or own child(ren) in the same household. General note: Data come from population censuses, micro-censuses and household sample surveys, unless otherwise specified. .. - data not available Country: Albania Break in methodlogy (2011): Households with three generations included in Other; Country: Austria Break in methodlogy (2004): Change in data collection procedure. Country: Belarus Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999. Country: Belgium Change in definition (2003 - 2013): Data for married couples include married same sex couples. Country: Belgium Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981 Country: Belgium Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Bulgaria Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1985 Country: Bulgaria Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992 Country: Bulgaria Reference period (2010): Data refer to 2011 Country: Canada Change in definition (1980): Cohabiting couples are included within the married couples category. Data for lone-parent and couple (married and common-law) households with/without children refer to households with one census family. Households with multiple census families are included in the category of Other households. Country: Canada Change in definition (1990 - 2011): Data for lone-parent and couple (married and common-law) households with/without children refer to households with one census family. Households with multiple census families are included in the category of Other households. Country: Canada Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981 Country: Canada Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Canada Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996 Country: Croatia Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data refer to population with permanent residence irrespective of actual residence and duration. Country: Croatia Change in definition (2001 - 2011): Data refer to usual resident population. Country: Croatia Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981 Country: Croatia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Cyprus Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1982 Country: Cyprus Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992 Country: Cyprus Territorial change (1980 - 2011): Data cover only government controlled area. Country: Czechia Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Data refer to couples with economically inactive dependent children aged 0-25. Country: Estonia Change in definition (2001 - 2007): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18. Country: Estonia Change in definition (2008 onward): Data refer to one parent families with children aged 0?17 and persons aged 18-24 who are economically inactive and living with at least one parent. Country: France Additional information (1990 - 2010): Data cover Metropolitan France and overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, French Guiana) Country: France Break in methodlogy (2006 - 2010): The census is based on annual data collection, successively surveying all the municipal territories over a five-year period. Country: France Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999. Country: Georgia Sum of households with married couples and households with cohabitating couples may not sum to total households with couples as some households include both married couples and cohabitating couples. Country: Georgia Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region Country: Germany Break in methodlogy (1980): From 1980 to 2004, data refer to one reporting week Country: Germany Households with three and more generations are also included in all other household types with children living in this household. From 2005, data refer to annual avarage figures. Country: Germany Territorial change (1980 - 1990): Data refer to the former territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. Country: Hungary Change in definition (1980 - 2011): Data refer to couples with never married children. Multi-family households are included in category "Other". Country: Ireland Data on three generation households are included in other households. Country: Ireland Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996 Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2012): The Labour Force Survey has been changed from a quarterly formal to a monthly format. Country: Kazakhstan Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999. Country: Kyrgyzstan Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999 Country: Latvia Change in definition (2011): In 2011 Census in Latvia the housekeeping concept of household was used instead of the household-dwelling concept used in the previous 2000 Census. Country: Lithuania Change in definition (2001 - 2011): Data include stepchildren and adopted children, but exclude wards. Country: Luxembourg Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981 Country: Luxembourg Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Montenegro Change in definition (2003): Data related to one family household Country: Norway Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18. See more about definitions: http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/familie/aar/20--16-04-14?fane=om content Country: Poland Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1978 Country: Poland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1988 Country: Portugal Change in definition (1990 - 2011): Data on three generation households are included in & 39;other& 39; households. Country: Portugal Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Romania Change in definition (1990): Data do not include cohabiting couples. Country: Romania Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992 Country: Serbia Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981 Country: Serbia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991. With provisional data for Bujanovac and Presevo. Country: Serbia Territorial change (1980): Data refer to the whole territory of the Republic of Serbia Country: Serbia Territorial change (1990 - 2011): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Slovakia Additional information (1980 - 1990): Detailed data from the 1980 and 1991 census about married and cohabiting couples are not available. Country: Slovakia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Slovenia Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data refer to de jure population and couples with never married children Country: Slovenia Change in definition (2002): Data refer to de facto population. Country: Slovenia Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981 Country: Slovenia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Spain Additional information: For 2011 all data are rounded to the closest integer multiple of 5. From 2013 all data are rounded to the closest integer multiple of 100. Country: Spain Change in definition (2001 - 2011): The category "Three-generation households" considers those households with exactly three generations inside and no more; the category "One-parent family households" considers only those households with only one parent family inside and no more people living there; the category "Couples households" considers only those households with only one couple (with or without children) and no more people living there. Country: Sweden Since 2011, the source is register-based household statistics. All persons who are registered at the same housing unit form part of the same household. Information about housing is missing for about 300 000 persons. These people are not included in the household statistics. Earlier data is based on a survey that used a housekeeping unit approach. A household-housing unit may contain several housekeeping units. Reported figures are based on estimated relations between those who occupy the same housing unit. Children are classified based on four different types of relations. Biological parents with children and adoptive parents with children are the two most common types of relations. Children classified by guardianship and ''Other person'' account for a small share. Individuals are classified as children regardless of age if they live with their parents/guardians and don’t have any children or partner in the same household. Single or cohabiting parents, with or without children, who live in a housing unit with other occupants are placed under other households. Information on three-generation households is only available from 2014. The figures refer to households where all persons in the household are part of the same generation chain, but where a person from the middle generation does not need to be present. Country: Switzerland Additional information (1980 - 2000): Data are based on traditional census (full field enumeration) Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2010 - 2011): Data are based on sample survey of the resident permanent population 15 + Country: Switzerland Since 2012 the sum of household categories may differ from the total number of households due to different data sources used. Country: Turkey Additional information (2002 - 2007): The variable of "type of household" was asked directly to the respondants. Country: Turkey Additional information (2008 - 2012): The variable of "type of household" was calculated at the offiice by using the variable named "relationship to the household head". Country: Ukraine Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Children in one parent families& 39; include families where children do not have one or both parents. Country: Ukraine Territorial change (2000 - 2013): Territorial sample excluded localities (and the population living in them) which were radioactively contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster. Country: United Kingdom Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981 census Country: United Kingdom Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 census Country: United Kingdom Territorial change (1980 - 1990): Data cover only Great Britain. Country: United Kingdom Territorial change (2000 - onwards): Data cover Great Britain and Northern Ireland Country: United States Break in methodlogy (2007): Revision of data collection tools. Cohabiting couples include all couples, not just coupled households. Country: United States Change in definition (1980 - 1995): Data on couples do not include unmarried partners Country: Uzbekistan Households consisting of a single couple are included in the category 'Couple households', households consisting of two or more couples are included in the category 'Other private households'

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires. Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management. Country: Russian Federation The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources. Definition: Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems and also in the management of the projects concerned (see also: 'Frascati Manual - Proposed standard practice for surveys on research and experimental development', paras. 302-305). The business enterprise sector includes: All firms, organisations and institutions whose primary activity is the market production of goods or services (other than higher education) for sale to the general public at an economically significant price; The private non-profit institutes mainly serving them. The government sector includes: All departments, offices and other bodies, which furnish but normally do not sell to the community those common services, other than higher education, which cannot otherwise be conveniently and economically provided and administer the state and the economic and social policy of the community. (Public enterprises are included in the business enterprise sector); Non-profit institutes (NPIs) controlled and mainly financed by government. The higher education sector includes all universities, colleges of technology and other institutes of post-secondary education, whatever their source of finance or legal status. It also includes all research institutes, experimental stations and clinics operating under the direct control of or administered by or associated with higher education establishments. The private non-profit sector includes: Non-market, private non-profit institutions serving households (i.e. the general public); Private individuals or households. .. - data not available Country: Canada Break in methodlogy (2000): Business enterprise sector`s collection methodology was changed. Country: Canada Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Government sector does not include all provinces and territories. Country: Canada Reference period (2000 - 2013): Fiscal years are used for government and higher education sector (April to March). Country: Canada Sector subtotals do not sum to “All sectors” category as there are researchers that work in industries other than the four select sectors listed in the table (Groupings refer to NOC 2011 and NAICS 2012 classifications.) Country: Kazakhstan Additional information (2000 - 2012): Data were formed on the basis of the "Report on the implementation of scientific and technical work" Country: Moldova, Republic of Change in definition (2001 - 2012): Data for researchers include only those who are directly involved in a research. Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Serbia Territorial change (1995 - 2013): The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has no available data on the AP Kosovo and Metohija.

Source: UNECE Transport Division Database. Definition:Killed: Any person who was killed outright or who died within 30 days as a result of the accident. Injured: Any person, who was not killed, but sustained one or more serious or slight injuries as a result of the accident. Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order. For European Union member states, Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland the source of data from year 2005 is CARE database. Country: Latvia Persons are recorded as killed who die at the scene of the accident or within 7 days; persons who die later are recorded as injured. Country: Moldova, Republic of Break in series: From 2007 a regulation has made it compulsory for police inspectors to enter data about road accidents. For years prior this is not the case. Country: Netherlands Injured persons refer to persons who were hospitalized. Country: Portugal Data refer to continent only. Country: Portugal Persons are recorded as killed who die at the scene of the accident or during or immediately after transport from the scene of the accident; persons who die later are recorded as injured. Country: Spain Persons are recorded as killed who die within 24 hours as a result of the accident; persons who die later are recorded as injured. Country: Turkey Until year 2015 figures on persons killed include the deaths only at the accident scene; however since year 2015 figures on persons killed also include the deaths within 30 days after the traffic accidents due to related accident and its impacts for people injured and sent to health facilities. Country: United Kingdom Data refer to Great Britain.

Source: UNECE Transport Division Database. Definitions Passenger: Any person, other than the driver, who is in or on a vehicle. Road vehicle: A vehicle running on wheels and intended for use on roads. Passenger car: Road motor vehicle, other than a motor cycle, intended for the transport of passengers and seating not more than nine persons (including the driver). The term passenger car therefore covers taxis and hired vehicles, provided that they have fewer than ten seats. Motor coach or bus: Passenger road motor vehicle, seating more than nine persons (including the driver). Trolleybus: A passenger road vehicle, seating more than nine persons (including the driver), which is connected to electric conductors and which is not rail-borne. Road tractor : Road motor vehicle designed, exclusively or primarily, to haul other road vehicles which are not power-driven (mainly semi-trailers). Agricultural tractors are excluded. Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order. .. - data not availableCountry: SerbiaTerritorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.Country: AzerbaijanFor 2010, data for the 2 > or = 5 years category refers to <= 5 yearsCountry: BelgiumExcluding vehicles for which technical characteristics are unknown.Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina''Light goods road vehicles'' include ''Road tractors''. ''Trailers'' include ''Semi-trailers''.Country: KazakhstanLight goods road vehicles refer to all lorries.Country: BulgariaLight goods road vehicles refer to all lorries.Country: CanadaPassenger cars refers to all vehicles with at least four wheels weighing less than 4,500 kgCountry: CroatiaFor data prior to 2015, refers to all lorriesCountry: Switzerland''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses.Country: Czechia''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses. > 10 and = < 20 years refers to greater than 10 years.Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses. > 10 and = < 20 years refers to greater than 10 years.Country: FinlandExcluding vehicles registered in Aland.Country: Hungary''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses. ''Lorries'' includes special purpose motor vehicles.Country: Ireland> 10 and = < 20 years refers to greater than 10 years.Country: Luxembourg> 10 and = < 20 years refers to greater than 10 years.Country: Norway> 10 and = < 20 years refers to greater than 10 years.Country: LatviaData from 2010 onward reflect changes in rules regarding the removal of vehicles from the register. As a result, data before this year are not comparable with more recent data.Country: LatviaFor data prior to 2014, > 10 and = < 20 years refers to > 10 yearsCountry: LithuaniaThe state enterprise Regitra of the Republic of Lithuania deregistered vehicles whose compulsory technical inspection or vehicle owner's compulsory civil liability insurance expired by 1 July 2014.Country: Russian Federation''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses. > 10 and = < 20 years refers to greater than 10 years. Until 2013, 2 > or = 5 years refers to less than 5 years.Country: United KingdomData refer to Great Britain.Country: United StatesLorries refers to U.S. categories ''Single Unit'' and ''Combination Trucks''Country: United StatesFrom 2007, passenger cars refers to 'Light duty vehicles, short wheel base'. Prior to 2007, passenger cars referred to 'Passenger Cars and Other 2-axle, 4-tire vehicles'. Motor coaches, buses, etc refer to those used on interstates only.Type of Vehicle: Light goods road vehiclesFor data prior to 2013, refers to all lorries.Age Group: > 10 and = < 20 yearsFor data prior to 2013, refers to > 10 years

Country: SerbiaTerritorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina''Light goods road vehicles'' include ''Road tractors''.Country: KazakhstanLight goods road vehicles refer to all lorries.Country: BulgariaLight goods road vehicles refer to all lorries.Country: CanadaPassenger cars refers to all vehicles with at least four wheels weighing less than 4,500 kgCountry: CroatiaFor data prior to 2015, refers to all lorriesCountry: Cyprus''Petrol'' includes both diesel and petrol hybrid vehicles.Country: Czechia''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses.Country: Russian Federation''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses.Country: Switzerland''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses.Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses.Country: EstoniaElectric motor coaches, bus, and trolleybuses refers to trolleybuses only.Country: FinlandExcluding vehicles registered in Aland.Country: Hungary''Motor coaches, Buses and Trolleybuses'' excludes trolleybuses. ''Petrol'' and ''diesel'' vehicles exclude hybrid vehicles. ''Other sources'' includes hybrid vehicles.Country: Italy''Petrol'' and ''diesel'' vehicles exclude hybrid vehicles.Country: LatviaData from 2010 onward reflect changes in rules regarding the removal of vehicles from the register. As a result, data before this year are not comparable with more recent data.Country: LithuaniaThe state enterprise Regitra of the Republic of Lithuania deregistered vehicles whose compulsory technical inspection or vehicle owner's compulsory civil liability insurance expired by 1 July 2014.Country: United KingdomData refer to Great Britain.Country: United StatesLorries refers to U.S. categories ''Single Unit'' and ''Combination Trucks''Country: United StatesFrom 2007, passenger cars refers to 'Light duty vehicles, short wheel base'. Prior to 2007, passenger cars referred to 'Passenger Cars and Other 2-axle, 4-tire vehicles'. Motor coaches, buses, etc refer to those used on interstates only.Fuel Type: - Compressed natural gas (CNG)For passenger cars, includes liquefied natural gas (LNG).Fuel Type: - Hybrid electric-dieselFor light goods vehicles, lorries and road tractors, includes plug-in hybrid diesel electric vehicles.Fuel Type: - Hybrid electric-petrolFor light goods vehicles and lorries, includes plug-in hybrid petrol-electric vehicles.Type of Vehicle: Light goods road vehiclesFor data prior to 2013, refers to all lorries.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition: Smoking is defined as the daily smoking of at least one cigarette. General note: Percentage .. - data not available Country: Armenia 1995: data refer to 1997. 2010: data refer to age group 15-49. Country: Austria Break in methodlogy (2006): Data for 2006 come from the Autrian Health Interview Survey, for 1995 from the Labour force Survey ad hoc module on smoking habits. Country: Austria Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1997. Country: Belarus Data refer to population aged 16+. Country: Bulgaria Break in methodlogy (2008): 2008 data come from the European Health Interview Survey and 2001 from the Demographic and Health survey. Country: Canada Data exclude institutional residents and full-time members of the Canadian Forces. Country: Canada Data exclude residents of Indian Reserves, Crown Lands and certain remote regions. Country: Croatia Change in definition (1995): data refer to age group 18-65. Country: Croatia Change in definition (2003): data refer to population aged 18+. Country: Croatia Reference period (2012): data refer to 2011. Country: Cyprus Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989. Country: Cyprus Data cover only government controlled area. Country: Czechia 2004: data refer to population aged 18-64; age group 15-24 refers to 18-24. 1990, 1995 and 2000: data refer to 1993, 1996 and 1999. Country: Denmark Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data refer to population aged 16+; age group 15-24 refers to 16-24. Country: Estonia Data refer to population aged 16-64; age group 15-24 refers to 16-24. Country: Estonia Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996 Country: France Change in definition (1995 - 2000): Data refer to population aged 18-74; age group 15-24 refers to 18-24. Country: France Change in definition (2002 - 2014): Data refer to population aged 15-75 Country: France Territorial change (2002 - 2014): Data cover only Metropolitan France. Country: Germany 2000: data refer to 1999. Country: Iceland Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data for smokers 15+ refers to persons aged 15-89. As of 2014, data refer to persons aged 18-89. Data for smokers aged 15-24 refers to persons aged 18-24 as of 2014. Country: Ireland Age group 15-24 refers to 15-23. 2000: data refer to 1998. 2000-2002: data include occasional smokers. 2003: data refer to people smoking one or more cigarettes a week. From 2015, data related to the population aged 15 and over who report that they are daily smokers. Country: Israel Additional information (1995 - 2013): Data are based on different surveys and methodologies across years. Country: Israel Change in definition (1995 - 2010): Data refer to population aged 20+. Country: Israel Change in definition (2003): Data refer to population aged 20+. Data refer to population aged 21+ and based on health survey. Country: Israel Change in definition (2013): Data refer to population aged 21+. Country: Israel Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996-1997. Country: Israel Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999-2000. Country: Israel Reference period (2003): Data refer to 2003-2004. Country: Italy Break in methodlogy (2001): From 2001 data come from survey "Aspects of daily life" , before 2001 data come from survey "Health condition and use of health services". Country: Italy Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1994. Country: Kazakhstan Age group 15+ refers to 15-49. Country: Latvia Data for 2003 - from the Health Interview Survey. Data cover population 15-75 years old.Data for 2004, 2006, 2010 and 2012 - from Health Behaviour Survey among Latvian Adult population. Data cover population 15-64 years old.Data for 2008 and 2014 - from the European Health iInterview Survey (EHIS). Data cover population 15+. Country: Malta Data refer to population aged 18+ residing in private households. Data for age group 15 - 24 are not available due to under-representation. Country: Moldova, Republic of Additional information (2010 - 2012): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Moldova, Republic of Change in definition (2010 - 2012): Smoking is defined as daily smoking or smoking sometimes Country: Moldova, Republic of Reference period (2010): The survey was conducted in August-October 2010 Country: Moldova, Republic of Reference period (2012): The survey was conducted in July-September 2012 Country: Netherlands Change in definition (1990 - 1995): Data refer to population age 16+. Country: Netherlands Data include all types of smokers. In 2014, interviewing and weighting method was changed, causing a break in the time series. Country: Norway Change in definition (1980 - 2009): Date refer to three-year average. Country: Norway Data refer to population aged 16-74; age group 15-24 refers to 16-24. Country: Poland Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996. Country: Portugal Before 2005: data cover only mainland territory (without Autonomous Regions of Acores and Madeira). 1995, 2000, 2005: data refer to 1995/1996, 1998/1999 and 2005/2006. Country: Romania Break in methodology (2009): From 2009 change in data source Country: Russian Federation Change in definition: Data refer to daily smokers of age 15+. Country: Slovenia Change in definition (1990): Data for population aged 15+ refer to age 18+. Country: Slovenia Change in definition (1995 - 2000): Data for population aged 15+ refer to age 18+. Age group 15-24 refers to 15-16. Country: Slovenia Change in definition (2001 - 2004): Data for population aged 25-64. Country: Slovenia Change in definition (2008 - 2012): Data for population aged 25-74. Country: Slovenia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1988. Country: Slovenia Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1994. Country: Slovenia Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999. Country: Spain Break in methodlogy (2003): Proxy were allowed Country: Spain Break in methodlogy (2009): Questionnaire self-administered Country: Spain Change in definition (1980 - 2003): Data refer to population aged 16+. Age group 15-24 refers to 16-24. Data refer to Spanish nationals only. Country: Spain Change in definition (2006 - 2009): Data refer to population aged 16+. Age group 15-24 refers to 16-24. Country: Spain Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1993. Country: Spain Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1997. Country: Sweden Change in definition (1980 - 2001): Age group 15+ refers to 16+, age group 15-24 refers to 16-24. Data refer to population aged 16-84. Country: Sweden Change in definition (2002 - onwards): Age group 15+ refers to 16+, age group 15-24 refers to 16-24. Country: Sweden Data do not include snuff users and smokers Country: Switzerland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992. Country: Switzerland Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1997. Country: Turkey Break in methodlogy (2006): Data come from the Life Satisfaction Survey. For other years data come from a different source. Country: Turkey Break in methodlogy (2008, 2012): Data for 2008 and 2012 come from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. For other years data come from a different source. Country: Turkey Break in methodlogy (2010, 2014): Data come from the Health Interview Survey. For other years data come from a different source. Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Country: Ukraine Territorial change (2000 - 2013): The territorial sample exclude localities in the territory which was radioactively contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster . Country: United Kingdom Change in definition (1980 - onwards): Data refer to population aged 16+. Smokers are defined as anyone who has ever smoked and describes themselves as a current smoker. Age group 15-24 refers to 16-24. Country: United Kingdom Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1994. Country: United Kingdom Reference period (2005): Estimates prior to 2005 are based on a fiscal year rather than a calendar year. Country: United Kingdom Territorial change (1980 - onwards): Estimates are for Great Britain excluding Northern Ireland. Country: United States Data for 1980 include persons aged 17+, for all other years data refer to the population aged 18+. 1980, 1990: data refer to both daily and nondaily smokers.

UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) established with the purpose of improving the understanding migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. Country: Armenia Data source: 2001, 2011 - population and housing census; 2015 and onwards - administrative source. Country: Azerbaijan Data source: population and housing census. Country: Belarus The sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since age was unknown for a number of persons. Data source: population and housing census. Country: Georgia Data source: 2002 - population and housing census; 2011 and onwards - administrative source. Country: Kyrgyzstan Data source: population and housing census. Country: Moldova, Republic of ''Other'' includes a number of migrants for which the country is unknown. Data source: population register. Country: Russian Federation In 2010, the sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since the age was unknown for a number of persons. Data source: 2010 - population and housing census. Country: Ukraine In 2001, the sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since age was unknown for a number of persons. The population count does not include the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. The General Assembly has addressed the status of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol in resolution 68/262 of 27 March 2014. Data source: 2001 - population and housing census; 2011 and onwards - the annual estimate of the number of permanent residents as of January 1 carried out by the State Statistics Committee.

UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) established with the purpose of improving the understanding migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. Country: Armenia Data source: 2001, 2011 - population and housing census; 2015 and onwards - administrative source. Country: Azerbaijan Data source: population and housing census. Country: Belarus The sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since age was unknown for a number of persons. Data source: population and housing census. Country: Georgia Data source: 2002 - population and housing census; 2011 and onwards - administrative source. Country: Kyrgyzstan Data source: population and housing census. Country: Moldova, Republic of ''Other'' includes a number of migrants for which the country is unknown. Data source: population register. Country: Russian Federation In 2010, the sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since the age was unknown for a number of persons. Data source: 2010 - population and housing census. Country: Tajikistan Data source: 2000, 2010 - population and housing census; 2011-2014 - source unspecified. Country: Ukraine In 2001, the sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since age was unknown for a number of persons. The population count does not include the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. The General Assembly has addressed the status of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol in resolution 68/262 of 27 March 2014. Data source: 2001 - population and housing census; 2011 and onwards - the annual estimate of the number of permanent residents as of January 1 carried out by the State Statistics Committee.

UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) established with the purpose of improving the understanding migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. Definition: Unless noted otherwise, an international migrant is defined as any person who changes his or her country of usual residence. A long-term migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least a year. A short-term migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least 3 months but less than a year. Country: Armenia Data source: 2001, 2011 - population and housing census; 2015 and onwards - population register. Country: Azerbaijan Data indicate the number of persons who obtained a permanent residence permit in Azerbaijan. Azer citizens returning from abroad are not included in the total number. Data source: residence permits. Country: Belarus Data source: residence permits. Country: Georgia From 2013, long-term migration refers to those who have left or moved to Georgia for at least 6 months. Data source: 2002 - population and housing census; 2012 and onwards - border cards. Country: Kyrgyzstan Data source: administrative source. Country: Russian Federation 2011 break in series: the Russian Federation introduced a new methodology for estimating immigration. From 2011 onwards, the source of data on international migration (long-term immigration) is registration at the place of residence and at the place of stay for a period of 9 months or more in the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Data source: administrative source. Country: Ukraine Data source: 2001 - population and housing census; 2011, 2012 - residence permits.

UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) established with the purpose of improving the understanding migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. Definition: Unless noted otherwise, an international migrant is defined as any person who changes his or her country of usual residence. A long-term migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least a year. A short-term migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least 3 months but less than a year. Country: Armenia Data source: 2011 - population and housing census; 2015 and onwards - population register. Country: Azerbaijan Data indicate the number of persons who obtained an exit permit in Azerbaijan. Azer citizens are not included in the total number. Data source: exit permits. Country: Belarus Data source: residence permits. Country: Georgia From 2013, long-term migration refers to those who have left or moved to Georgia for at least 6 months. Data source: 2002 - population and housing census; 2012 and onwards - border cards. Country: Kyrgyzstan Data source: administrative source. Country: Moldova, Republic of Data source: population register. Country: Russian Federation 2012 break in series: the Russian Federation introduced a new methodology for estimating emigration. From 2012 onwards, the source of data on international migration (long-term emigration) is registration at the place of residence and at the place of stay for a period of 9 months or more. Data source: administrative source. Country: Ukraine Data source: administrative source.

UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) established with the purpose of improving the understanding migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. Country: Azerbaijan Data source: residence permits. Country: Belarus Data source: administrative source. Country: Georgia Data source: civil register. Country: Kyrgyzstan Data source: administrative source. Country: Moldova, Republic of Data source: population register. Country: Russian Federation Data source: administrative source. Country: Ukraine Data source: administrative source.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and UNESCO Institute for Statistics) official sources. Definition:Teaching professionals teach the theory and practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels, conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods pertaining to their particular discipline, and prepare scholarly papers and books. The number of teachers is disaggregated according to education levels of enrolment. From the academic year 2012-2013, for most countries in this table education levels are classified using the ISCED 2011 (previously ISCED 1997). Primary education corresponds to ISCED 2011 level 1, secondary education corresponds to levels 2, 3 and 4 and tertiary education corresponds to levels 5-8. In ISCED 2011 some programmes are classified at different levels than before. Such differences may affect time series data for some countries. For correspondance between ISCED 1997 and ISCED 2011 see here. .. - data not available Country: Albania Change in definition (1980 - 2008): Before 2007-2008, data on teachers in primary education refer to primary and lower secondary education and data on teachers in secondary education refer to teachers in upper secondary education only. Country: Armenia 2000: break in series; data include both public and private schools. Transition to ISCED-2011 is from the school year 2013-2014. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Break in series (2012): Until the school year 2011/2012 data on primary education include ISCED levels 1 and 2. Data on secondary education refer to ISCED level 3. Since the school year 2012/2013 data for primary education include only ISCED level 1, and data on secondary education include ISCED levels 2 and 3. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Reference period (2011/2012 backwards): Data refers to the end of the school year. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Reference period (2012/2013 onward): Data on teachers in primary and secondary education refer to the beginning of the school year. Country: Canada Change in definition (1990 - onwards): Data for secondary level include primary level. Data for post secondary non-tertiary education (ISCED 4 level) may include tertiary education. Groupings refer to NOC-S 2001 classification. Country: Canada Reference period (1990 - 2012): Data are averages of monthly data over the period September to April. i.e. September 2008 to April 2009 for 2008/2009. Country: Croatia Teachers teaching in both primary and secondary art schools are double counted. Teachers teaching in several schools (grammar schools, technical and industrial schools) are counted more than once. 2000/2001: data are not available by sex. Country: Cyprus Data cover only government controlled area. Country: Finland 1995/1996: data for primary level include secondary level. Country: Georgia Territorial change (1990 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region. Country: Germany Before 1990/1991: data refer to the former territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. From 1995/1996: data refer to the territory of Germany after reunification. Country: Hungary 1980/1981, 1990/1991, 1995/1996: data for primary level include levels 1 and 2; data for secondary level include level 3 of ISCED 1997 classification. Country: Iceland 1980/1981-2009/2010: data for primary level include secondary level. 1995/1996-2009-2010: data for secondary level includes only upper secondary level. Country: Italy Teachers, secondary education: teachers at ISCED level 2 and 3 are included. Data at ISCED level 4 are ''missing''.From 2004-2005 to 2011-2012 at ISCED levels 1, 2 and 3 only public schools are included.Data are classified according to ISCED-11 since 2012-2013.Teachers, tertiary education: teachers at ISCED-11 level 6, 7, and 8 are included. Data at ISCED-11 level 5 are ''not applicable''. Country: Montenegro Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data for primary level include levels 1 and 2, data for secondary level include level 3 of ISCED 1997 classification. Country: Norway 2000/2001: data for secondary level include primary level. Country: Poland 1980/1981-1995/1996: data include full-time teachers. From 2000/2001: data include full-time equivalents. 2003/2004: data for levels 1-4 and 5B (practically oriented tertiary programmes) are not available. 2004/2005: data are incomplete. Country: Portugal Data from school year 2012-2013 onwards are compiled using ISCED-11. Considering the data aggregation proposed there is no break in series to consider. Data include only those with teaching responsabilities at school (excludes personnel with administrative/management/research functions only). Country: Russian Federation Break in methodlogy (2008): As of 2008/09 school year, the total number of teachers in secondary education include teachers of educational institutions in primary special education (ISCED 4) Country: Russian Federation Break in methodlogy (2009): From the 2009/10 academic year, the total number of teachers at primary and secondary education does not include officials at managerial positions. Country: Serbia Break in methodlogy (2007 - 2012): As of 2006/07 data for primary level does not include teachers in lower- secondary education Country: Serbia Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data for primary level include levels 1 and 2, data for secondary level include level 3 of ISCED 1997 classification, level 4 do not exist 1980/1981, 1990/1991: data for secondary level include teachers of schools for special and adult education. 1980/81-2006/07:data for primary level include teachers in lower- secondary education Country: Serbia Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Data for primary level include levels 1 and 2, data for secondary level include level 3 of ISCED 1997 classification, level 4 do not exist 1995/1996 - 2000/2001: data for secondary level include teachers of schools for special education. 1980/81-2006/07:data for primary level include teachers in lower- secondary education Country: Serbia Change in definition (2002 - 2007): Data for primary level include levels 1 and 2, data for secondary level include level 3 of ISCED 1997 classification, level 4 do not exist 1980/81-2006/07:data for primary level include teachers in lower- secondary education Country: Serbia Change in definition (2008 - 2012): Data for primary level include levels 1 and 2, data for secondary level include level 3 of ISCED 1997 classification, level 4 do not exist Country: Serbia Territorial change (1995 - 2012): The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has no available data on the AP Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Slovenia 1980/1981 - 1995/1996: data for primary level include levels 1 and 2; data for secondary level include levels 3 and 4 of ISCED 1997 classification. Country: Spain The category of ''level of education not stated'' includes the ISCED 0 teachers Country: Ukraine Data prior to 2012-2013 use ISCED 1997 classification.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and UNESCO Institute for Statistics) official sources. Definition: Tertiary students are those enrolled in levels 5-8 of the ISCED 2011 (previously in levels 5A, 5B and 6 of the ISCED 1997) for the academic year concerned. Levels 5, 6, 7 in ISCED 2011 together correspond to level 5 in ISCED 1997. ISCED 2011 level 5, or short-cycle tertiary education, corresponds to ISCED 1997 level 5B and captures the lowest level of tertiary education. Programmes at this level are practically based, occupationally specific and are mainly designed for participants to acquire practical skills. Programmes at ISCED 2011 level 6, or Bachelor’s or equivalent, are often designed to provide participants with intermediate academic and/or professional knowledge, skills and competencies, leading to a first degree or equivalent qualification. Programmes at ISCED 2011 level 7, or Master’s or equivalent, are designed to provide participants with advanced academic and/or professional knowledge, skills and competencies, leading to a second degree or equivalent qualification. They may have a substantial research component but do not yet lead to the award of a doctoral qualification. Programmes at ISCED 1997 level 5A are largely theoretically based and intended to provide sufficient qualifications for gaining entry into advanced research programmes and professions with high skill requirements, but do not necessarily distinguish between a first and second university degree. ISCED2011 level 8, or doctoral or equivalent, is reserved for tertiary programmes leading to the award of an advanced research qualification and corresponds to ISCED 1997 level 6. Fields of study are given based on ISCED 1997. Measurement: Students , Country: Armenia Since the school year 2013-2014, the data have been compiled according ISCED 2011. Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Armenia Since the school year 2013-2014, the data have been compiled according ISCED 2011. Measurement: Percent of total for all fields of study , Country: Armenia Since the school year 2013-2014, the data have been compiled according ISCED 2011. Country: Croatia 2000, 2001: data for level 6 of ISCED 1997 classification are not available. 2004: break in series; due to change of reference period from calendar year to academic year. i.e. 2004 data for ISCED 6 cover January 2004 to August 2005. Country: Cyprus Data cover only government controlled area. Country: Germany Data for level 6 of ISCED 1997 classification are not available. Country: Moldova, Republic of Change in definition (2000 - 2012): For level 5B data includes programs of secondary special education (colleges). Data exclude foreigners Country: Moldova, Republic of Reference period (2000 - 2012): For levels 5A and 5B - data refer to the beginning of the of the school year, and for level 6 - data refer to the calendar year. Country: Moldova, Republic of Territorial change (2000 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Measurement: Students , Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Measurement: Percent of total for all fields of study , Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Country: Ukraine Data prior to 2012-2013 use ISCED 1997 classification. Country: Uzbekistan 2000-2005: data do not include doctoral degree candidates.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat, UN Statistics Division Demographic Yearbook, WHO European health for all database and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources. Definition: The total fertility rate is defined as the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to pass through her childbearing years conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year. General note: Data come from registers, unless otherwise specified. Country: Cyprus Data cover only government controlled area. Country: Georgia From 1995 : data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Country: Germany From 3 October 1990: data refer to the Federal Republic within its frontiers. Country: Israel Data include East Jerusalem and Israeli residents in certain other territories under occupation by Israeli military forces since June 1967. Country: Russian Federation 1980 : data refer to 1980-1981. Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Turkey Data come from the national population projections, which are based on Population Census (2000) and Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (2003).

Source: UNECE Transport Division Database. Definition: Railway : Line of communication made up by rail exclusively for the use of railway vehicles. Line of communication is part of space equipped for the execution of transport. Railway network : All railways in a given area. This does not include stretches of road or water even if rolling stock should be conveyed over such routes, e.g. by wagon-carrying trailers or ferries. Lines solely used for touristic purposes during the season are excluded as are railways constructed solely to serve mines, forests or other industrial or agricultural undertakings and which are not open to public traffic. Track : A pair of rails over which railway vehicles can run. Track gauge : Distance between a pair of rails measured between the inside edges of the rail heads. The following track gauges are in use: - Standard gauge: 1.435 m - Large gauge: 1.524 m (VR,SZR); 1.600 m (CIE, NIR); 1.668 m (RENFE, CP) - Narrow gauge: 0.60 m, 0.70 m,0.75 m, 0.76 m, 0.785 m, 0.90 m, 1.00 m. Electrified track : Track provided with an overhead trolley wire or with conductor rail to permit electric traction. Line : One or more adjacent running tracks forming a route between two points. Where a section of network comprises two or more lines running alongside one another, there are as many lines as routes to which tracks are allotted exclusively. Average length of line operated throughout the year : The length of line used for traffic throughout the reported year (including lines operated jointly with other railway enterprises) plus the average length of lines opened or closed during the year (weighted by the number of days they have been operated). The total length of line operated is the length operated for passenger or goods transport, or both. When a line is operated simultaneously by several enterprises it will be counted only once. Electrified line : Line with one or more electrified running tracks. Sections of lines adjacent to stations that are electrified only to permit shunting and not electrified as far as the next stations are to be counted as non-electrified lines. Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order. .. - data not available Country: Belarus Passenger only rail traffic includes freight as well. Country: Finland Change in statistical methods in 2015. Country: Latvia From 2009, lines temporarily closed are not included. Country: Netherlands Data are at 1 April. Country: Spain Refers to Renfe and ADIF only Country: Turkey Excludes branch and station lines. Country: United States Includes only Class I freight railroads.

Source: UNECE Transport Division Database. Definition: Railway : Line of communication made up by rail exclusively for the use of railway vehicles. Line of communication is part of space equipped for the execution of transport. Railway network : All railways in a given area. This does not include stretches of road or water even if rolling stock should be conveyed over such routes, e.g. by wagon-carrying trailers or ferries. Lines solely used for touristic purposes during the season are excluded as are railways constructed solely to serve mines, forests or other industrial or agricultural undertakings and which are not open to public traffic. Track : A pair of rails over which railway vehicles can run. Track gauge : Distance between a pair of rails measured between the inside edges of the rail heads. The following track gauges are in use: - Standard gauge: 1.435 m - Large gauge: 1.524 m (VR,SZR); 1.600 m (CIE, NIR); 1.668 m (RENFE, CP) - Narrow gauge: 0.60 m, 0.70 m,0.75 m, 0.76 m, 0.785 m, 0.90 m, 1.00 m. Electrified track : Track provided with an overhead trolley wire or with conductor rail to permit electric traction. Line : One or more adjacent running tracks forming a route between two points. Where a section of network comprises two or more lines running alongside one another, there are as many lines as routes to which tracks are allotted exclusively. Average length of line operated throughout the year : The length of line used for traffic throughout the reported year (including lines operated jointly with other railway enterprises) plus the average length of lines opened or closed during the year (weighted by the number of days they have been operated). The total length of line operated is the length operated for passenger or goods transport, or both. When a line is operated simultaneously by several enterprises it will be counted only once. Electrified line : Line with one or more electrified running tracks. Sections of lines adjacent to stations that are electrified only to permit shunting and not electrified as far as the next stations are to be counted as non-electrified lines. Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order. .. - data not available Country: Finland Change in statistical methods in 2015. Country: Latvia From 2009, lines temporarily closed are not included. Country: Netherlands Data are at 1 April. Country: Spain Refers to Renfe and ADIF only Country: Turkey Excludes branch and station lines. Country: United States Includes only Class I freight railroads.

Source: UNECE Transport Division Database. Definition: Railway : Line of communication made up by rail exclusively for the use of railway vehicles. Line of communication is part of space equipped for the execution of transport. Railway network : All railways in a given area. This does not include stretches of road or water even if rolling stock should be conveyed over such routes, e.g. by wagon-carrying trailers or ferries. Lines solely used for touristic purposes during the season are excluded as are railways constructed solely to serve mines, forests or other industrial or agricultural undertakings and which are not open to public traffic. Track : A pair of rails over which railway vehicles can run. Track gauge : Distance between a pair of rails measured between the inside edges of the rail heads. The following track gauges are in use: - Standard gauge: 1.435 m - Large gauge: 1.524 m (VR,SZR); 1.600 m (CIE, NIR); 1.668 m (RENFE, CP) - Narrow gauge: 0.60 m, 0.70 m,0.75 m, 0.76 m, 0.785 m, 0.90 m, 1.00 m. Electrified track : Track provided with an overhead trolley wire or with conductor rail to permit electric traction. Line : One or more adjacent running tracks forming a route between two points. Where a section of network comprises two or more lines running alongside one another, there are as many lines as routes to which tracks are allotted exclusively. Average length of line operated throughout the year : The length of line used for traffic throughout the reported year (including lines operated jointly with other railway enterprises) plus the average length of lines opened or closed during the year (weighted by the number of days they have been operated). The total length of line operated is the length operated for passenger or goods transport, or both. When a line is operated simultaneously by several enterprises it will be counted only once. Electrified line : Line with one or more electrified running tracks. Sections of lines adjacent to stations that are electrified only to permit shunting and not electrified as far as the next stations are to be counted as non-electrified lines. Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order. .. - data not available Country: Finland Change in statistical methods in 2015. Country: Latvia From 2009, lines temporarily closed are not included. Country: Netherlands Data are at 1 April. Country: Spain Refers to Renfe and ADIF only Country: Turkey Excludes branch and station lines. Country: United States Includes only Class I freight railroads.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Transport Division Database. Definitions: Road : Line of communication (travelled way) using a stabilized base other than rails or air strips open to public traffic, primarily for the use of road motor vehicles running on their own wheels. Included are bridges, tunnels, supporting structures, junctions, crossings and interchanges. Toll roads are also included. Excluded are dedicated cycle paths. Category of road (state roads, provincial roads, local roads) : Classification of the road network according to: (a) administration responsible for its construction maintenance and/or (b) according to design standards or, (c) according to the users allowed to have access on the road. Motorway : Road, specially designed and built for motor traffic, which does not serve properties bordering on it, and which: (a) is provided, except at special points or temporarily, with separate carriageways for the two directions of traffic, separated from each other, either by a dividing strip not intended for traffic, or exceptionally by other means; (b) does not cross at level with any road, railway or tramway track, or footpath; (c) is specially sign-posted as a motorway and is reserved for specific categories of road motor vehicles. Entry and exit lanes of motorways are included irrespectively of the location of the sign-posts. Urban motorways are also included. E road : The international “E“ network consists of a system of reference roads as laid down in the European Agreement on Main International Arteries, Geneva, 15 November 1975 and its amendments. Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order. Country: Serbia Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Georgia ''Local roads included under ''Provincial Roads'' Country: Hungary ''Local roads included under ''Provincial Roads'' Country: Azerbaijan ''Local roads included under ''Provincial Roads'' Country: Belarus ''Local roads included under ''Provincial Roads'' Country: Croatia In 2012, the Highway Act came into force and unclassified roads are excluded from other roads Country: Czechia Road administration system change since 1 January 2016; most expressways were changed into class II motorways. Country: Estonia ''Motorways'' refers to first class roads, ''Provincial roads'' refers to local roads, ''Local roads'' refers to forest and private roads Country: Kazakhstan For 2008 and data prior to 2006, ''Local roads included under ''Provincial Roads'' Country: Netherlands ''Motorways'' includes communal, provincial and state roads. ''Local roads'' refers to communal and district water board roads. Data are from 1 April. Country: Norway Data for state roads and provincial roads from 2010 onward are not comparable with previous years due to the reclassification of approximately 17 000 kilometres of roads. Country: Portugal Refers to mainland only Country: Russian Federation ''Motorways'' refers to Category 1A roads of federal, regional or inter-municipal significance, ''State roads'' refers to public roads of federal significance. ''Provincial roads'' refers to public roads of regional or inter-municipal significance. Country: Slovenia From 1998, motorways refers to state motorways and highways. State roads refers to main and secondary state roads. Provincial roads refers to urban and rural municipal roads. Communal roads refers to combined urban / rural municipal roads. Country: Sweden ''Other roads'' excludes private roads without operational grants. ''State roads'' includes E roads and national roads. Country: Switzerland State roads refer to other national roads. Provincial roads refer to canton roads. Country: Turkey 'Other roads' does not include urban roads. Country: Ukraine For data prior to 2006, ''Local roads included under ''Provincial Roads'' Country: United Kingdom Through 1997, 'State roads', 'Provincial roads' and 'Communal roads' refer to Great Britain. E roads refers to Great Britain for all years. Country: United States Motorways include Puerto Rico.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat, UN Statistics Division Demographic Yearbook, WHO European health for all database and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources. Definition:A live birth is the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which after such separation breathes or shows any other evidence of life such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. General note: Data come from registers, unless otherwise specified. In years 2003 and before, the number of live births for girl child and boy child may not add up to the number for both sexes (Total) due to the rounding up of numbers.Country: Armenia 1980-2006 : Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.Country: Azerbaijan Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth. Data are tabulated by date of registration (rather than occurrence).Country: Belarus Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.Country: Canada 1980,1995: Including Canadian residents temporarily in the United States, but excluding United States residents temporarily in Canada.Country: Cyprus Data cover only government controlled area.Country: Georgia Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth. From 1995 : data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).Country: Germany From 3 October 1990: data refer to the Federal Republic within its frontiers.Country: Israel Data include East Jerusalem and Israeli residents in certain other territories under occupation by Israeli military forces since June 1967.Country: Kazakhstan Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.Country: Malta From 2001: data include foreign residents.Country: Russian Federation Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Data are tabulated by date of registration (rather than occurrence).Country: Turkey 1980-2000: data source is population censuses. From 2001: data are from administrative source.Country: TurkmenistanData do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and UNESCO Institute for Statistics) official sources. Definition: Upper and post- secondary levels correspond to levels 3 and 4 of ISCED 2011 classification (and mainly to levels 3 and 4 of ISCED 1997 used previously). Tertiary level is not included. Upper secondary education (level 3) typically begins at the end of full-time compulsory education for those countries that have a system of compulsory education. The entrance age to this level is typically between ages 14 and 16 years. Post secondary education (level 4) captures programmes that are typically designed to provide individuals who completed ISCED level 3 with non-tertiary qualifications required for progression to tertiary education or for employment when their ISCED level 3 qualification does not grant such access. Level 4 programmes can, considering their content, not be regarded as tertiary programmes. They are often not significantly more advanced than programmes at level 3 but they serve to broaden the knowledge of participants who have already completed a programme at level 3. Country: Albania Up to 2011-2012 data refer to ISCED level 3. Country: Armenia Data refer to ISCED level 3. From 1995 onwards the data include pupils in private schools. Since the school year 2013-2014 the data have been compiled according to ISCED-2011. Country: Austria Up to 1990-1991: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification. 1980-1981, 1990-1991 and 1995-1996: data refer to 1979-1980, 1989-1990 and 1994-1995. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Data refer to ISCED level 3 Country: Canada Data refer to ISCED level 3 Country: Croatia Data refer to ISCED level 3. Country: Cyprus Up to 2012-2013 data refer to ISCED level 3. Data cover only government controlled area. Country: Finland 1990-1991: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification. Country: Germany Up to 1995-1996: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification. Country: Hungary 2000: data refer to 1999-2000. Country: Iceland Up to 1995-1996: data refer to level 3 of ISCED 1976 classification. Country: Ireland Up to 1995-1996: data refer to level 3 of ISCED 1997 classification. Country: Israel 2000-2001: data exclude pupils in schools related to the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Country: Italy 1980-1981, 1990-1991 and 1995-1996: data refer to 1979-1980, 1989-1990 and 1994-1995. Country: Latvia Up to 1995-96: data refer to level 3 of ISCED 1976 classification. Country: Moldova, Republic of Territorial change (1995 - 2012): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Montenegro Data refer to ISCED level 3. Country: Spain Data refer to ISCED level 3. 2000-2001: data refer to 1999-2000. Country: Sweden 1990-1991: data refer to level 3 of ISCED 1976 classification. Data include adults enrolled in upper and post secondary level classes. Country: Tajikistan Data refer to ISCED level 3 Country: Turkey Up to 1995-1996: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification. Country: Ukraine 2012-2013, 2013-2014: data refer to ISCED level 3 Country: United Kingdom 2006: Break in series; data include only students participating in courses equal to or longer than a semester. From 2010 onwards data refer to ISCED level 3. Country: Uzbekistan Data refer to ISCED level 3

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources Definition: A homicide is intentional or unintentional killing. Intentional homicide is a death deliberately inflicted on a person by another person, including infanticide.Non-intentional homicide is a death not deliberately inflicted on a person by another person. That includes crime of manslaughter but excludes traffic accidents that result in a death of persons. The distinction between intentional and unintentional homicide differs from country to country, as does the definition of attempted murder. General note: Reference period - selected day of the year. .. - data not availableCountry: AustriaChange in definition (2002 - 2012): 1.1: Victims of homicide killed by a family member living in the same household 1.2: Vicitms of homicide killed by a family member not living in the same householdCountry: BelarusBreak in methodlogy (2011): From 1995 to 2010 data are based on reported crimes. From 2011 data refer to completed investigation of criminal cases.Country: BulgariaReference period (2000): Data do not cover whole year.Country: CanadaDifferences in totals and the sum of subtotals (by relashionships and/or gender) can be observed because the totals also include victims where the gender of the victim was reported as unknown and where the perpertrator and victim's relationships is unknown. A spouse refers to husband/wife (legally married), common-law husband/wife, and same sex spouse (legal or common-law). An ex-spouse refers to opposite sex separated/divorced spouse, opposite sex separated common-law spouse and ex-same-sex spouse (separated or divorced)Country: CroatiaAttempted murders are not included under Homicides.Country: CyprusData cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. 2008: data include victims of aiplane accidents.Country: DenmarkChange in definition (2010 onwards): Data do not include non-intentional homicide.Country: EstoniaBreak in methodlogy (1990 - 1995): Change in laws and methodology.Country: FinlandChange in definition (2003 - 2011): Data include homicides commited by Finnish residents against Finnish residents. All years: Data include only intentional homicides.Country: GeorgiaTerritorial change (2005 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.Country: GeorgiaAdditional information (2012 - 2014): There are some cases where the gender is not knownCountry: GermanyBreak in methodology (2009): Transition to delivery of individual PCS data sets and introduction of a six-digit key number system at national levelCountry: GermanyFigures include data on completed acts of murder (sect. 211 Penal Code (PC)), manslaughter (sect. 212 PC), less serious case of manslaughter (sect. 213 PC), killing a person at their own request (sect. 216 PC), bodily injuries resulting in death (sects. 227, 231 PC) and homicide by negligence (sect. 222 PC), but exclude a. o. sexual coercion attended by death (sect. 178 PC) and robbery resulting in death (sect. 251 PC); (PCS keys 010000, 020000, 221000, 030000).Country: GermanySpouse refers to spouse/marriage partner, registered partnership, non-marital life partnership; Another relative refers to a family member or other relative; Another person refers to a former partner, informal and formal social relationship, no relationship, unclarified/unknown; Ex-spouse refers to a former partnership (ex-spouse, former partner of a non-marital life partnership, former partner of a registered partnership); Friend or any other acquaintance refers to an informal and formal social relationship (acquaintance, casual previous relation); Perpetrator unknown/stranger refers to no relationship, unclarified/unknown.Country: IsraelNumbers of victims are based on causes of death files.Country: ItalyData refer to intentional homicides.Country: NetherlandsBreak in methodlogy (2000): Starting from 1996 and onwards, data are collected through the cause of death registration. Include also manslaughter, justifiable homicide in self-defence and death due to armed conflict.Country: NetherlandsChange in definition (2000 - 2005): Data on "perpetrator unknown" includes also "unknown if perpetrator is known".Country: SerbiaData exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija.Country: SlovakiaChange in definition (1990 onwards): Only intentional killing included.Country: SpainFor 2012-2013 the total for both sexes is not the sum of male and female because some victims have unknown sex.Country: SpainTerritorial change (2009 - 2013): Data exclude Cataluna police region. From 2014 totals include Cataluna police region, but subtotals do not.Country: SwedenData on victims of homicides includes completed murder, voluntary and involuntary manslaughter, infanticide and assault leading to death. Figures are taken from the elaborated homicide data, whereby police reported homicides that after investigation or court procedure turn out not being homicides have been excluded.Country: SwitzerlandBreak in methodlogy (2009): Break in series, revision of crime statistics.Country: SwitzerlandChange in definition (2000 - onwards): Data exclude cases with unknown sexes. Homicide: does not include attempted murderCountry: TurkeyAdditional information (1995 - 2013): Data cover intentional and non-intentional homicide as defined.Country: UkraineFrom 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.Country: United KingdomChange in definition (2000 - onwards): Data for spouse also include ex-spouse and partner/ex-partner.Country: United KingdomReference period (2000 - onwards): Data refer to financial year (from 1April to 31 March)Country: United KingdomTerritorial change (2000 - onwards): Data refer to England and Wales.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires. Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and ILO) official sources. Definition: The young unemployed are all the persons aged 15-24 who, during the reference period, were: (a) without work, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment, and (b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period, and (c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified reference period to seek paid employment or self-employment. For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS). The youth unemployment rate is the share of the young unemployed in the active population (employed + unemployed) aged 15-24. General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. For the following countries, data come from the comparable harmonized unemployment statistics produced by EUROSTAT and OECD: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States.Country: AlbaniaChange in definition (1990 - 2012): Data refer to registered unemployment.Country: Armenia 2008: break in series.Country: Austria 1990 : data refer to national definition (Life Subsistence Concept). From 1995 : data comply with ILO definition.Country: BelarusData refer to registered unemployment.Country: Cyprus Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.Country: France Data do not cover the overseas departments (DOM).Country: Georgia Data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).Country: IcelandBreak in methodlogy (2003): Break in serie because of change to continuous survey every week of the year.Country: IcelandChange in definition (1980 - 2013): Data refer to population aged 16-74. Age group 15-19 refers to 16-19.Country: IcelandReference period (1980): Data refer to 1981Country: IcelandReference period (1990): Data refer to 1991Country: Israel From 2006 data refer to ave group 18-24.Country: Italy 1990 : data refer to the persons aged 14-24, who have been seeking employment in the last 6 months. From 1995 : data refer to the persons aged 15-24, who have been seeking employment in the last 30 days.Country: Latvia 1995 : data refer to 1996. 1995/2000 : break in series due to adjustment to the results of 2000 Population Census.Country: Romania 1995 : data refer to the age group 14-24.Country: Russian Federation 1990 : data refer to 1992. Before 2006: data do not cover the Chechen Republic.Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.Country: Sweden Data refer to the age group 16-24. 1995-2000 : break in series due to change in methodology.Country: TajikistanChange in definition (2004 - 2009): Data for age group 60-64 refers to 60-75.Country: Ukraine Data do not cover the persons who are still living in the area of Chernobyl contaminated with radioactive material. Data do not cover the persons who are living in institutions and those who are working in the army.Country: United Kingdom Data refer to the age group 16-24.Country: United States Data refer to the age group 16-24.