United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources. Definition: Child-care refers to formal child-care arrangements, public or private, such as group care in child-care centres (creche) or registered childminders based in their own homes looking after two or more children. Child-care refers to children at youngest age (typically children aged under 3); pre-primary schools are excluded. Enrolment in child-care centres: Number of children aged under 3 enrolled in child-care centres per 100 children of the same age group. Data normally refer to beginning of the school-year. Availability of places in child-care centres: Ratio of the number of places available for children aged under 3 in child-care centres per 100 children of the same age group. Data refer to beginning of the school-year. General note: depending on the organization of education and child-care centers in countries, data may be available for age groups different from under 3 years. Such differences and other deviations from the above definitions are specified in country notes. .. - data not available Country: Austria Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Data include centre-based institutions and exclude home-based arrangements. Country: Austria Reference period (1995 - 2012): Age calculation as of 31 August, the beginning of school year. Country: Belgium Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-2.5 years Country: Belgium Reference period (2008 - 2009): Data refer to children enrolled on October 2008 Country: Belgium Territorial change (1990 - 2012): Data cover only the French community of Belgium Country: Bulgaria Reference period (1980 - 2012): Data refer to end of calendar year. E.g. 1980-1981 refers to 31.12.1980. Country: Croatia Additional information (2011 - 2012): Census 2011 data are used for children of the corresponding age. Country: Croatia Data refers to children aged 6 months to 2 years. Country: Cyprus Data refer to the Government controlled area only. Country: Cyprus Data only include enrolmemts in child care centres, exclude child care provided by registered childminders. Country: Denmark Reference period (2004): As of 2004, reference month changed from March to September. Country: Estonia Change in definition (1995 - 2007): Data refer to children aged 1?2 years. Country: Estonia Change in definition (2008 onward): Data refer to children aged 0-2 years. Country: Estonia Reference period (1995 - 2008): Data refer to middle of the school year, i.e. end of calendar year. Country: Estonia Reference period (2009 onward): Data refer to beginning of school year. Country: Finland Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data refer to end of calendar year. Country: Finland The data include full- and part-time care in day care centres and families Country: France Data cover only Metropolitan France. Child care refers to child care centers and registered childminders based in their own homes. The data exclude pre-primary school, kindergartens, unregistered childminders and childminders working at home. Available places are here counted regardless of the age of the children actually using them : all of them are theorically available for 0-2 years old but some of them are in practice used for children aged 3 or more. Country: Georgia Change in definition (2008 - 2009): Data cover only child care organizations and refer to december. Country: Georgia Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region. Country: Germany Break in methodology (1990): Average calculated for Germany Country: Germany Reference period (1990): Data refer to 21.12.1991. Country: Germany Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1994. Country: Germany Reference period (2000): Data on places refer to 31.12.1998. Country: Germany Children in day care are included starting with reference year 2012/2013 according to definition of ISCED Level 010 in ISCED 2011. Country: Hungary Change in definition (1990 - 2007): Data for available places refer to all children enrolled including children aged 3+ years. Data referred only to nurseries, from 2008 day care and child minding are also included. Country: Hungary Reference period (1990 onward): Data refer to 31 May of each year Country: Iceland Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-2 years in formal child-care arrangements and with registered private child-minders. Country: Israel Data are from registers. Country: Italy Change in definition (1980 - 2003): Data refer to formal child-care arrangements in public centres. Country: Italy Change in definition (2004 - 2012): Data refer to formal child-care arrangements, public or private. Country: Kazakhstan Change in definition (2001 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-2 years enrolled in permanent pre-primary organizations functioning at least 10 months per year. Data do not cover other types of existing organizations such as seasonal kindergartens etc. Country: Kyrgyzstan Reference period (1990 - 2012): Data refer to the end of the year. Country: Lithuania Data refer to children aged 1-2 years. Data refer to end of calendar year Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender. Data for indicator ''Places available in child-care centres per 100 children'' refers to 0-6 group of age. Country: Montenegro Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-2 years enrolled in pre-primary public organizations. Country: Netherlands Data refer to children aged 0-4 years Country: Netherlands 1995-1996 data refer to 1996. 2000-2001 data refer to 2000, 2002-2003 data refer to 2002 etc. Country: Norway Data refer to end of calendar year. i.e. 2000/2001 data refer to December 2000. Country: Poland From 2000 onwards, data concern health care facility: nurseries and nursery wards of nursery schools. Since 2011, the data also apply to children’s club which are a new form of childcare. Country: Poland Reference period (from 2000 onwards): The data in the two-year period refers to the end of the calendar year mentioned in the range as earlier Country: Portugal Data refer to calendar year Country: Portugal Data cover mainland only. Country: Romania Break in methodlogy (2002): From 2002, reference population is the resident population Country: Romania Break in methodology (2010): data refer to formal child-care in public and private sector. Starting 2010 data refer to children aged 0 to less than 3 years. The reference population is the population aged 0-2 years. However in enrolled population also includes children aged 3 years and over. From 2014 data compiled according to ISCED 2011. Country: Romania Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data refer to formal child-care in public and private sector. Country: Romania Reference period (1990 - 2012): Data refer to calendar year. i.e. data for 2009-2010 refer to 2009. Country: Romania Reference period (2010): Data refer to calendar year. i.e. data for 2009-2010 refer to 2009. Data refer to calendar year. i.e. data for 2010-2011 refer to 2010. Country: Russian Federation Reference period (2000 - 2012): Data are given at the end of the year. Country: Serbia Territorial change (2000 - 2012): The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has no available data on the AP Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Sweden Change in definition (1980 - onwards): Data refer to children aged 1-2 years due to longer parental leave which allows most children aged 0-1 years to be with their parents. Country: Sweden Reference period (2000): Before 2000/2001: data as of 31 December. From 2001: data as of 15 December. Country: Switzerland Data refer to children from 0 to less than 4 years. Country: Tajikistan Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-3 years. Country: Tajikistan Reference period (2006 - 2007): Data refer to end of calendar year Country: Ukraine Reference period (1990 - 2014): Data refer to calendar year. For all years, data refer to children aged 0-2. Country: United Kingdom Change in definition (2010 - 2012): Childcare includes: Day nursery, Playgroup or Preschool, and Childminders. Childminders look after at least one child for more than 2 hours in any day Country: United Kingdom Reference period (2010 - 2012): Figures do not relate to the beginning of the school year but to a term-time reference week. The Survey is not carried out at the same point each year Country: United Kingdom Territorial change (2010 - 2012): Figures relate to England only and not the whole of the UK Country: United States Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Data refer to civilian, non-institutionalized population. Data refer to children enrolled in an organized care facility which includes day care centers, nursery, preschools, Federal Head Start programs, and kindergarten, grade school. Country: United States Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition: Couple: A couple is defined as a man and woman living as a married couple, a registered couple or a couple who lives in a consensual union. Two persons are considered as partners in a consensual union when they have usual residence in the same household, are not married to each other and have a marriage-like relationship to each other. Data refer to couples where both partners are in the age range 25-49. Data are reported according to the age of the youngest child of the couple. Children living outside the household are not considered. Part-time/full-time: A part-time worker is an employed person whose normal hours of work are less than those of comparable full-time workers. In most countries, the distinction between part-time and full-time work is based on self-declaration. In a few countries, work is defined as part-time when the hours usually worked are below a fixed threshold. Not working: Both inactive and unemployed persons are considered as not working. General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. .. - data not available Country: Austria Break in methodlogy (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure. Country: Austria Change in definition (1980): Data refer to the livelihood concept Country: Austria Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1984 Country: Austria Data below the threshold of 3 000 persons are not published, while caution should be taken in interpreting data below the threshold of 6 000 persons. Country: Belgium Break in methodology (2012): From 2012, data explicitely include couples living in a consensual union. Country: Belgium Change in definition (2005 - 2015): A child is considered as a person below 17 who lives in the household whatever the relation to the reference person may be. Country: Canada Data refer to women aged 25-49 and men aged 15+. Data for No child refers to no child under the age of 16. Child aged more than 6 refers to child aged 6 to 15. Data are annual averages. Country: Canada Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk) Country: Croatia Data given for 2013 onwards are calibrated according to the results of the Census 2011 and are not fully comparable with data given for previous years. Country: Denmark Change in definition (1980 - 2006): Data do not cover couples where one or both members are self employed Country: Denmark Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1986 Country: Finland Data do not include children aged 17+. Data for child aged more than 6 refers to child aged more than 7 and child aged up to 6 refers to child aged 0-6 years (including 6). Country: France Reference area: Metropolitan France. Country: Germany Break in methodlogy (2005): Until 2004, data refer to one reporting week. From 2005 data are annual average figures. Country: Greece Data refer to annual averages. Country: Hungary Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Data refer to couples where both members are in the age range 15-74. Women not working include also those on maternity leave. Couples with youngest child aged 6 refer to couples with youngest child aged 6-16. Country: Hungary Reference period (2000 - 2013): Data refer to 2nd Quarter of each year. Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf Country: Israel Change in definition (1995): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Israel Change in definition: from 2000 data for All couples include homosexual couples and couples where one partner is working but with unknown working hours. Child aged up to 6 refers to child under the age of 5. Child aged more than 6 refers to child aged 5 to 17. Country: Israel Territorial change (1995 onwards): Data do not cover couples living in kibbutzim, in institutions and living outside localities (Bedouins in the South and others) Country: Italy Break in methodlogy (2004): From 2004, there is a break in series due to change in survey and data collection procedure (continuous survey). Country: Latvia Change in definition (2010 - 2012): Couples with youngest child aged 6 and above& 39; - youngest child aged 6-16 years. Country: Luxembourg Change in definition (2001): Data do not include couples (with or without children) living with other persons. Full-time workers are those who usually work 35 hours or more per week, part-time workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per week. Country: Portugal Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series. Estimates below 2 250 individuals are not shown due to high coefficients of variation. Country: Romania Break in methodology (2002): Due to the revision of the definitions and the coverage, the data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. Break in series starting with year 2013. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results. Country: Romania Reference period (1995): Data for 1995 refers to March 1995. Country: Spain Data refer only to children of the reference person in the household. Data are annual average of the four quarters of the year. Data include persons working abroad as full time workers. Country: Sweden Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991. Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2010): From 2010, data based on sample survey of the resident permanent population 15 years and older (part of the annual combined census). Before 2000, data based on traditional census (full field enumeration). Data for 2010 and onwards are not fully comparable with those of 2000 and earlier. Country: Switzerland From 2010 onwards the sum of the data for the different work patterns of couples does not equal the total of all couples (the sum of the percentage isn’t equal to 100%) because of missing data. Country: United Kingdom Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Data refer to & 39;couple families& 39; and not & 39;couple households& 39;. Country: United States Data refer to married couples aged 16+. Full-time workers are those who usually work 35 hours or more per week, part-time workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition: The employment rate is the share of employed persons aged 25-49 in the population of the corresponding sex and age group. Data are reported according to the number of children under the age of 17. Children living outside the household are not considered. General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Country: Austria Break in methodlogy (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure. Country: Austria Change in definition (1980): Data refer to the livelihood concept Country: Austria Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1984 Country: Belarus The number of children under the age of 15 is considered. Country: Belgium Change in definition (2003 - 2015): A child is considered as a person below 17 who lives in the household whatever the relation to the reference person may be. Country: Croatia Data given for 2013 onwards are calibrated according to the results of the Census 2011 and are not fully comparable with data given for previous years. Country: Finland The number of children under the age of 18 is considered. Country: France Reference area: Metropolitan France Country: Germany Break in methodlogy (2005): Until 2004, data refer to one reporting week. From 2005 data are annual average figures. Country: Greece Data refer to annual averages. Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf Country: Israel Change in definition (2005): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf Country: Italy Break in methodlogy (2004): From 2004, there is a break in series due to change in survey and data collection procedure (continuous survey). Country: Luxembourg Reference period (1980): Reference year 1983 Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Poland Data are not fully comparable with the results of the surveys prior to 2010 as persons staying outside households for 12 months or longer are excluded from the survey (previously over 3 months). Country: Portugal Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series. Country: Romania Break in methodology (2002): Due to the revision of the definitions and the coverage, the data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. Break in series starting with year 2013. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results. Country: Romania Reference period (1995): Data for 1995 refers to March 1995 Country: Russian Federation Change in definition (2009 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2010): Change to continuous survey. As of 2010: annual averages Country: Switzerland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Data refer to 2nd quarter Country: Switzerland Reference period (1995 - 2009): Data refer to 2nd quarter Country: Switzerland Territorial change (1980 - 1990): In 1980, Federal Population Census: resident population. From 1990 and onwards, Labour Force Survey: permanent resident population