Eurostat

Statistics on culture cover many aspects of economic and social life. According to the Europe 2020 strategy, the role of culture is crucial for achieving the goal of a "smart, sustainable and inclusive" growth. Employment in cultural sector statistics aim at investigating on the dimension of the contribution of cultural employment to the overall employment. Cultural employment statistics are derived from data on employment based on the results of the European Labour Force Survey (see EU-LFS metadata) that is the main source of information about the situation and trends on the labour market in the European Union. The final report of the European Statistical System Network on Culture (ESS-Net Culture Report 2012, in particular pp. 129-226) deals with the methodology applied to cultural statistics, including the scope of the 'cultural economic activities' and 'cultural occupations' based on two reference classifications: the NACE classification (‘Nomenclature générale des Activités économiques dans les Communautés Européennes’) which classifies the employer’s main activity, andthe ISCO classification(‘International Standard Classification of Occupations’) which classifies occupations. Results from the EU-LFS allow to characterize cultural employment by different variables such as gender, age, employment status, working time, educational attainment, permanency of jobs by cross-tabulating ISCO and NACE cultural codes as defined in the ESS-Net Culture Report 2012 (Annex 3 – Table 26 and Annex 4 – Table 27).

Data on European cities were collected in the Urban Audit and in the Large City Audit project. The projects' ultimate goal is to contribute towards the improvement of the quality of urban life: it supports the exchange of experience among European cities; it helps to identify best practices; it facilitates benchmarking at the European level and provides information on the dynamics within the cities and with their surroundings. At the city level, the Urban Audit contains 171 variables and 62 indicators. These indicators are derived from the variables collected by the European Statistical System. The data is published in 20 tables within 2 main groups, plus a perception survey table: Cities and greater cities (urb_cgc) Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - cities and greater cities (urb_cpop1) Population structure - cities and greater cities (urb_cpopstr) Population by citizenship and country of birth - cities and greater cities (urb_cpopcb) Fertility and mortality - cities and greater cities (urb_cfermor) Living conditions - cities and greater cities (urb_clivcon) Education - cities and greater cities (urb_ceduc) Culture and tourism - cities and greater cities (urb_ctour) Labour market - cities and greater cities (urb_clma) Economy and finance - cities and greater cities (urb_cecfi) Transport - cities and greater cities (urb_ctran) Environment - cities and greater cities (urb_cenv) Functional Urban Area (urb_luz) Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - Functional Urban Area (urb_lpop1)Population structure - Functional Urban Area (urb_lpopstr)Population by citizenship and country of birth - Functional Urban Area (urb_lpopcb) Fertility and mortality - Functional Urban Area (urb_lfermor)Living conditions - Functional Urban Area (urb_llivcon)Education - Functional Urban Area (urb_leduc) Labour market - Functional Urban Area (urb_llmma) Transport - Functional Urban Area (urb_ltran) Environment - Functional Urban Area (urb_lenv)Perception survey results (urb_percep) Data has been collected on four spatial levels in the Urban Audit: The City (C) according to the administrative definition, as the basic level,The Functional Urban Area (FUA) being an approximation of the functional urban zone centered around the city, andIn some cases, the urban centre stretches far beyond its boundaries. To better capture the entire urban centre, a 'greater city' level (K), has been created. This level was created for some capitals and several other large cities.The Sub-City District (SCD) being a subdivision of the city according to population criteria.

Eurostat Dataset Id:yth_part_020 The domain "Income and living conditions" covers four topics: people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, income distribution and monetary poverty, living conditions and material deprivation, which are again structured into collections of indicators on specific topics. The collection "People at risk of poverty or social exclusion" houses main indicator on risk of poverty or social inclusion included in the Europe 2020 strategy as well as the intersections between sub-populations of all Europe 2020 indicators on poverty and social exclusion. The collection "Income distribution and monetary poverty" houses collections of indicators relating to poverty risk, poverty risk of working individuals as well as the distribution of income. The collection "Living conditions" hosts indicators relating to characteristics and living conditions of households, characteristics of the population according to different breakdowns, health and labour conditions, housing conditions as well as childcare related indicators. The collection "Material deprivation" covers indicators relating to economic strain, durables, housing deprivation and environment of the dwelling.

Eurostat Dataset Id:yth_part_010 The domain "Income and living conditions" covers four topics: people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, income distribution and monetary poverty, living conditions and material deprivation, which are again structured into collections of indicators on specific topics. The collection "People at risk of poverty or social exclusion" houses main indicator on risk of poverty or social inclusion included in the Europe 2020 strategy as well as the intersections between sub-populations of all Europe 2020 indicators on poverty and social exclusion. The collection "Income distribution and monetary poverty" houses collections of indicators relating to poverty risk, poverty risk of working individuals as well as the distribution of income. The collection "Living conditions" hosts indicators relating to characteristics and living conditions of households, characteristics of the population according to different breakdowns, health and labour conditions, housing conditions as well as childcare related indicators. The collection "Material deprivation" covers indicators relating to economic strain, durables, housing deprivation and environment of the dwelling.

Eurostat Dataset Id:yth_cult_010 The domain "Income and living conditions" covers four topics: people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, income distribution and monetary poverty, living conditions and material deprivation, which are again structured into collections of indicators on specific topics. The collection "People at risk of poverty or social exclusion" houses main indicator on risk of poverty or social inclusion included in the Europe 2020 strategy as well as the intersections between sub-populations of all Europe 2020 indicators on poverty and social exclusion. The collection "Income distribution and monetary poverty" houses collections of indicators relating to poverty risk, poverty risk of working individuals as well as the distribution of income. The collection "Living conditions" hosts indicators relating to characteristics and living conditions of households, characteristics of the population according to different breakdowns, health and labour conditions, housing conditions as well as childcare related indicators. The collection "Material deprivation" covers indicators relating to economic strain, durables, housing deprivation and environment of the dwelling.

Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP) are designed for international comparisons of consumer price inflation. HICPs are used for the assessment of the inflation convergence criterion as required under Article 121 of the Treaty of Amsterdam and by the ECB for assessing price stability for monetary policy purposes. The ECB defines price stability on the basis of the annual rate of change of the euro area HICP. HICPs are compiled on the basis of harmonised standards, binding for all Member States. Conceptually, the HICP are Laspeyres-type price indices and are computed as annual chain-indices allowing for weights changing each year. The common classification for Harmonized Indices of Consumer Prices is the COICOP (Classification Of Individual COnsumption by Purpose). A version of this classification (COICOP/HICP) has been specially adapted for the HICP. Sub-indices published by Eurostat are based on this classification. HICP are produced and published using a common index reference period (2015 = 100). Growth rates are calculated from published index levels. Indexes, as well as both growth rates with respect to the previous month (M/M-1) and with respect to the corresponding month of the previous year (M/M-12) are neither calendar nor seasonally adjusted.

Culture statistics cover many aspects of economic and social life. According to the Europe 2020 strategy, the role of culture is crucial for achieving the goal of a "smart, sustainable and inclusive" growth. The international trade in cultural goods is considered as one of the economic dimensions of culture. A specific set of statistics can be built based on international trade data: to make a time series analysis, to estimate the contribution of cultural trade to total international trade of each country or to estimate its contribution to total EU-28 trade. These and many other derived indicators, like the distribution of trade by group of products or by trade partner, enable to measure the relative weight of culture in the whole economy. The international trade in cultural goods covers the import and export values of goods traded among Member States and internationally. "Goods" in this particular case means all movable property, in other terms products having a physical dimension. So, external trade in licenses and copyrights is not included. "Cultural goods" refer to the particular set of goods and commodities in Combined Nomenclature (CN) classification identified according to criteria set up by ESSnet-Culture framework for culture statistics.   New scope for international trade in cultural goods In 2016, for the sake of consistency with the international developments and in particular with the UNESCO statistics, the European scope of international trade in cultural goods was revised by the Working Group 'Culture statsitics' to cover more commodities. Compared to the previous scope that was used for the compilation of statistics until 2015, the following changes have been brought: extension of the category hand-made fabrics with some hand-made ornamental articles;creating a new category with jewellery articles;extension of audio-visual categories;split of audio-visual categories on recorded media with music on the one side and film, video and video games on the other side. Two tables on international trade in cultural goods in Eurobase present the data according to the new scope for the period since 2004 onwards (see the Notes at the bottom of this section for data by old and new scope).   Data sourceInternational trade statistics are stored in the administrated by Eurostat database on international trade — Comext. Comext provides statistics on goods traded between the EU Member States (intra-EU trade) and goods traded by the EU Member States with non-EU countries (extra-EU trade). The trade values for other political or geographical entities like EFTA and candidate countries are as well collected. Comext database is built around six main dimensions: REPORTERPARTNERFLOWTIMEINDICATORPRODUCT The Reporter dimension includes country declaring commercial transactions. In the Partner dimension the trade partners of declaring country are included. This dimension lists all the countries of the world. The Flow dimension distinguishes exports and imports. Concerning Time, both annual and monthly data are available. The Indicator dimension specifies the value or volume of traded products. The Product dimension contains the list of goods by one of the standard product classifications: HS, CN or SITC depending on the dataset.   The data in Comext are updated regularly and the CN classification undergoes the revisions every year to ensure it is kept up to date in the light of changes in the technology and international trade patterns. Major revisions take place every 5 years and accompany the revision of HS classification. The latest important revision occured in 2017 and impacted two cultural aggregates (see details in Annex 2 below).     Cultural goods The frames for establishing the list of cultural goods for the purpose of international trade were set up by ESSnet-Culture and UNESCO in their respective frameworks for cultural statistics. In both frameworks the core criterion of the identification of 'cultural' goods is the 'artistic creation' and what the products are conveying in terms of symbolic, artistic and spiritual or aesthetic values. To build the list, the 10 cultural domains as identified by ESSnet-culture (heritage, books and press, visual arts, art craft, performing arts, audio-visual and multimedia, architecture, archives, libraries and advertising) were analysed from 'product perspective'. This analysis enabled the identification of numerous 'cultural' codes within seven domains (except archives, libraries and advertising).   Current list of cultural goods reflecting the scope revision (2016) and the changes in the CN in 2017 includes the following product categories: Antiques;Works of art;Craft articles;Jewellery;Books;Newspapers;Maps;Architecture plans and drawings;Photographic plates and films;Recorded media (CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays, magnetic tapes, gramophone records);Video game consoles;Musical instruments.   Detailed list of codes according to CN composing the cultural aggregates can be found in the Annex 2 - International trade in cultural goods by new scope in CN 2017 of the present Metadata file.   Based on the number of dimensions available in Comext database the following indicators are calculated for imports and exports of cultural goods: Trade value in thousands of euro (THS_EUR)Percentage of total national trade (only for total of cultural goods) (PC_TOT)Percentage of total EU-28 trade (PC_EU28)Percentage of total trade of cultural goods (PC)   Then the data are compiled for the following trade partners: Intra EU-28Extra EU-28WorldIndividual countries   Notes The publication "Culture statistics - 2016 edition" (from the "Statistical books" series) was based on the previous scope. The data using the previous scope are still available for the reference years 2002-2015 via the section 'Information on data/International trade in cultural goods of the Culture Dedicated Section. The detailed content of the old scope can be found in the Annex 1 – International trade in cultural goods by old scope to the present document.

Data on cultural enterprises come from 2 data collections and are summarised in 4 Tables : a) SBS (Structural Business Statistics) Table 1. Number and average size of enterprises in the cultural sectors by NACE Rev. 2 activity (cult_ent_num) Table 2. Value added and turnover of enterprises in the cultural sectors by NACE Rev. 2 activity (cult_ent_val), in millions of EUR and as a percentage of services except trade and financial and insurance activities (i.e. NACE Rev. 2 sections H to N, without K) Table 3. Services by employment size class (NACE Rev. 2, H-N, S95) (sbs_sc_1b_se_r2)   b) Business Demography (BD) Table 4. Business demography by size class (from 2004 onwards, NACE Rev. 2) (bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2)   The data focus on culture-related sectors of activity, as identified by international experts in the final report of the European Statistical System Network on Culture (ESS-Net Culture Report 2012).   The cultural sphere in business statistics is therefore captured through the following NACE Rev. 2 codes, when they are covered (see 3.3. Sector coverage for details): J58.11 Book publishing J58.13 Publishing of newspapers J58.14 Publishing of journals and periodicals J58.21 Publishing of computer games J59 Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities J60 Programming and broadcasting activities J63.91 News agency activities M71.11 Architectural activities M74.1 Specialised design activities R90 Creative, arts and entertainment activities R91 Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities

The domain "Income and living conditions" covers four topics: people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, income distribution and monetary poverty, living conditions and material deprivation, which are again structured into collections of indicators on specific topics. The collection "People at risk of poverty or social exclusion" houses main indicator on risk of poverty or social inclusion included in the Europe 2020 strategy as well as the intersections between sub-populations of all Europe 2020 indicators on poverty and social exclusion. The collection "Income distribution and monetary poverty" houses collections of indicators relating to poverty risk, poverty risk of working individuals as well as the distribution of income. The collection "Living conditions" hosts indicators relating to characteristics and living conditions of households, characteristics of the population according to different breakdowns, health and labour conditions, housing conditions as well as childcare related indicators. The collection "Material deprivation" covers indicators relating to economic strain, durables, housing deprivation and environment of the dwelling.

The domain "Income and living conditions" covers four topics: people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, income distribution and monetary poverty, living conditions and material deprivation, which are again structured into collections of indicators on specific topics. The collection "People at risk of poverty or social exclusion" houses main indicator on risk of poverty or social inclusion included in the Europe 2020 strategy as well as the intersections between sub-populations of all Europe 2020 indicators on poverty and social exclusion. The collection "Income distribution and monetary poverty" houses collections of indicators relating to poverty risk, poverty risk of working individuals as well as the distribution of income. The collection "Living conditions" hosts indicators relating to characteristics and living conditions of households, characteristics of the population according to different breakdowns, health and labour conditions, housing conditions as well as childcare related indicators. The collection "Material deprivation" covers indicators relating to economic strain, durables, housing deprivation and environment of the dwelling.

Data on European cities were collected in the Urban Audit and in the Large City Audit project. The projects' ultimate goal is to contribute towards the improvement of the quality of urban life: it supports the exchange of experience among European cities; it helps to identify best practices; it facilitates benchmarking at the European level and provides information on the dynamics within the cities and with their surroundings. At the city level, the Urban Audit contains 171 variables and 62 indicators. These indicators are derived from the variables collected by the European Statistical System. The data is published in 20 tables within 2 main groups, plus a perception survey table: Cities and greater cities (urb_cgc) Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - cities and greater cities (urb_cpop1) Population structure - cities and greater cities (urb_cpopstr) Population by citizenship and country of birth - cities and greater cities (urb_cpopcb) Fertility and mortality - cities and greater cities (urb_cfermor) Living conditions - cities and greater cities (urb_clivcon) Education - cities and greater cities (urb_ceduc) Culture and tourism - cities and greater cities (urb_ctour) Labour market - cities and greater cities (urb_clma) Economy and finance - cities and greater cities (urb_cecfi) Transport - cities and greater cities (urb_ctran) Environment - cities and greater cities (urb_cenv) Functional Urban Area (urb_luz) Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - Functional Urban Area (urb_lpop1)Population structure - Functional Urban Area (urb_lpopstr)Population by citizenship and country of birth - Functional Urban Area (urb_lpopcb) Fertility and mortality - Functional Urban Area (urb_lfermor)Living conditions - Functional Urban Area (urb_llivcon)Education - Functional Urban Area (urb_leduc) Labour market - Functional Urban Area (urb_llmma) Transport - Functional Urban Area (urb_ltran) Environment - Functional Urban Area (urb_lenv)Perception survey results (urb_percep) Data has been collected on four spatial levels in the Urban Audit: The City (C) according to the administrative definition, as the basic level,The Functional Urban Area (FUA) being an approximation of the functional urban zone centered around the city, andIn some cases, the urban centre stretches far beyond its boundaries. To better capture the entire urban centre, a 'greater city' level (K), has been created. This level was created for some capitals and several other large cities.The Sub-City District (SCD) being a subdivision of the city according to population criteria.

Statistics on culture cover many aspects of economic and social life. According to the Europe 2020 strategy, the role of culture is crucial for achieving the goal of a "smart, sustainable and inclusive" growth. Employment in cultural sector statistics aim at investigating on the dimension of the contribution of cultural employment to the overall employment. Cultural employment statistics are derived from data on employment based on the results of the European Labour Force Survey (see EU-LFS metadata) that is the main source of information about the situation and trends on the labour market in the European Union. The final report of the European Statistical System Network on Culture (ESS-Net Culture Report 2012, in particular pp. 129-226) deals with the methodology applied to cultural statistics, including the scope of the 'cultural economic activities' and 'cultural occupations' based on two reference classifications:the NACE classification (‘Nomenclature générale des Activités économiques dans les Communautés Européennes’) which classifies the employer’s main activity, andthe ISCO classification(‘International Standard Classification of Occupations’) which classifies occupations. Results from the EU-LFS allow to characterize cultural employment by different variables such as gender, age, employment status, working time, educational attainment, permanency of jobs by cross-tabulating ISCO and NACE cultural codes as defined in the ESS-Net Culture Report 2012 (Annex 3 – Table 26 and Annex 4 – Table 27).

Data on cultural enterprises come from 2 data collections and are summarised in 4 Tables : a) SBS (Structural Business Statistics) Table 1. Number and average size of enterprises in the cultural sectors by NACE Rev. 2 activity (cult_ent_num) Table 2. Value added and turnover of enterprises in the cultural sectors by NACE Rev. 2 activity (cult_ent_val), in millions of EUR and as a percentage of services except trade and financial and insurance activities (i.e. NACE Rev. 2 sections H to N, without K) Table 3. Services by employment size class (NACE Rev. 2, H-N, S95) (sbs_sc_1b_se_r2)   b) Business Demography (BD) Table 4. Business demography by size class (from 2004 onwards, NACE Rev. 2) (bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2)   The data focus on culture-related sectors of activity, as identified by international experts in the final report of the European Statistical System Network on Culture (ESS-Net Culture Report 2012).   The cultural sphere in business statistics is therefore captured through the following NACE Rev. 2 codes, when they are covered (see 3.3. Sector coverage for details): J58.11 Book publishing J58.13 Publishing of newspapers J58.14 Publishing of journals and periodicals J58.21 Publishing of computer games J59 Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities J60 Programming and broadcasting activities J63.91 News agency activities M71.11 Architectural activities M74.1 Specialised design activities R90 Creative, arts and entertainment activities R91 Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities